流动妇女与户籍妇女再生育意愿比较及其影响因素研究

Study on Comparison of Reproductive Intention and Its Influencing Factors Between Migrant Women and Resident Women

目的:了解流动妇女和户籍妇女再生育意愿水平的差异及其影响因素,为完善三孩政策下配套支持措施提供参考依据。方法:基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测专题调查数据和《中国城市统计年鉴-2018》等的城市资料,采用χ2检验和无序多分类logistic逐步回归分析流动妇女和户籍妇女的再生育意愿水平及其影响因素。结果:共纳入户籍妇女4064人,流动妇女4191人,其中有再生育意愿的妇女分别占13.4%、11.1%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两类妇女的再生育意愿均受到年龄、婚姻状况、子女个数和子女性别结构的影响。户籍妇女的再生育意愿还受到民族、房屋类型、自评健康和所在地人均地区生产总值的影响。流动妇女的再生育意愿还受到教育程度、家庭平均月收入、流动过的城市数、居留意愿和两地每万人口床位数差值等的影响。结论:与户籍妇女相比,流动妇女的再生育意愿水平更低,应基于两类妇女再生育意愿影响因素的共性和个性采取措施,提升再生育意愿。

Objective:To understand the difference of reproductive intention and its influencing factors between migrant women and resident women,so as to provide references for improving supporting measures under the three-child policy.Methods:Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(volumes C and D)in 2017 and China City Statistical Yearbook 2018,Chi-square tests and unordered multi-nominal logistic models with stepwise regression were employed to compare reproductive intention to have a second child between migrant women and resident women,and analyze their influencing factors.Results:Among 4064 resident women and 4191 migrant women included in the analysis,13.4%and 11.1%respectively intended to have a second child in recent two years,which was significantly different(P<0.01).The reproductive intention for two groups of women was both influenced by age,marital status,number of children,and gender structure of children.Resident women's reproductive intention was additionally influenced by ethnicity,type of housing,self-rated health,and GDP per capita of the city,while distinctive factors of migrant women's reproductive intention were mainly education level,average monthly household income,number of cities they had migrated,plan to stay,difference of beds per 10000 population between the two cities.Conclusion:Compared with resident women,the intention of migrant women who intended to have a second child is statistically lower.It's suggested to take measures considering commonality and individuality of influencing factors for both groups of women to increase their reproductive intention.