高等教育普及化阶段家庭背景对优质医学教育机会获得的影响研究

Study on the Impacts of Family Background on High-quality Medical Education Opportunity in the Stage of Universal Higher Education

目的:了解高等教育普及化阶段影响优质医学教育机会获得的家庭背景因素及其交互作用,探明医学人才培养的现状,同时为高等教育质量均衡化发展相关政策的制定提供依据。方法:采用“2020年中国医学生培养与发展调查报告”获取的126265名临床医学专业本科生的相关数据,建立逻辑回归模型,分析父辈教育背景、家庭收入、家庭所在地、是否独生子女等家庭背景因素对子女优质医学教育机会获得的影响情况。结果:父辈教育背景、家庭收入、家庭所在地、是否独生子女等因素均会影响子女获得优质医学教育机会的可能性(P<0.001)。父辈教育背景的影响最为显著,其每提升一个等级,子女获得优质医学教育的概率提升1.472倍;家庭收入对子女优质医学教育机会获得非常关键,其每提升一个等级,子女获得优质医学教育的概率提升1.295倍;城乡、独生与非独生的子女之间也存在一定的优质医学教育机会获得差异,分别相差1.204倍和1.076倍。结论:来自医学学科的证据显示,促进我国高等教育质量的均衡化发展,重点在于家庭教育水平的整体提升和优质基础教育资源的普惠化供给。

Objective:To understand the relevant family background factors on high-quality medical education opportunity and their interaction effects in the stage of universal higher education,to investigate the current situation of medical personnel training,so as to provide evidence for the formulation of the related policies about the balanced development of higher education quality.Methods:Logistic regression models were established to explore the relationship between family background factors including parent education,family income,homeplace and only-child or not etc and high-quality medical education opportunity by leveraging the China medical student survey(CMSS 2020)data,which included relevant data of 126265 undergraduate students in clinical medicine.Results:We found that the four factors,parent education,family income,homeplace and only-child or not,showed influence on high-quality medical education opportunity(P<0.001).Herein,parent education played the most important role,and as it upgraded one level,children are 1.472 times more likely to receive a high-quality medical education.Family income was also a critical factor,and as it upgraded one level,children were 1.295 times more likely to receive a high-quality medical education.There was a certain gap in access to high-quality medical education between students form urban and rural areas and students between only-child and non-only-child family,and the difference was 1.204 and 1.076 times,respectively.Conclusion:Evidence from the medical disciplines shows that to promote the balanced development of higher education quality in China,the key lies in the overall improvement of family education level and the universal supply of high-quality basic education resources.