老年人心理健康在听力障碍与生活质量间的中介效应

Mediating Effects of Mental Health in the Elderly between Hearing Impairment and Quality of Life

目的分析老年人听力障碍、心理健康状况和生活质量间的相关性,探索老年人心理健康状况在听力障碍与生活质量间的中介效应。方法随机抽取长春市6个社区共600名老年人进行现场调查并收集资料,采用多元线性回归模型分析影响老年人生活质量的有关因素,采用Pearson相关分析分析听力障碍、心理健康状况和生活质量之间的相关性,通过中介效应模型分析心理健康状况在老年人听力障碍与生活质量间的中介效应。结果年龄、患糖尿病、听力障碍和心理健康均与生活质量有关(P<0.05),且老年人听力障碍严重程度与心理障碍危险程度呈正相关(r=0.409,P<0.01),听力障碍严重程度与生活质量呈负相关(r=-0.368,P<0.01),心理障碍危险程度与生活质量呈负相关(r=-0.493,P<0.01)。中介效应分析显示,听力障碍不仅能够直接影响生活质量,而且能够通过心理健康的中介作用影响生活质量,直接效应(-0.083)和中介效应(-0.071)分别占总效应(-0.154)的54%和46%。结论心理健康状况在老年听力障碍对生活质量的影响中具有部分中介效应,听力障碍老年人应提高心理健康水平,减少抑郁焦虑等消极情绪的产生以缓解不适症状体验,积极预防和治疗糖尿病等慢性病,进而改善老年人的生活质量。

Objective To study the correlation between hearing impairment,mental health and quality of life in the elderly,and the intermediary effect of mental health in the elderly between hearing impairment and quality of life.Methods A total of 600 elderly people from 6 communities in Changchun were randomly recruited to participate field investigation and data collection.Factors affecting quality of life in the elderly were analyzed by multiple linear regression models for correlations between hearing impairment,mental health and quality of life measured by Pearson correlation coefficient.The intermediary effect of mental health between hearing impairment and quality of life of the elderly was analyzed by a intermediary effect model.Results Age,diabetes,hearing impairment and mental health were all related to quality of life(P<0.05).The severity of hearing impairment in the elderly was positively correlated with the risk of mental disorders(r=0.409,P<0.01)and negatively correlated with quality of life(r=-0.368,P<0.01),as the risk of mental disorders(r=-0.493,P<0.01).In addition to its direct impact on quality of life,hearing impairment also indirectly affected quality of life through the intermediary effect of mental health.The direct effect(-0.083)and the intermediary effect(-0.071)accounted for 54%and 46%of the total effect(-0.154),respectively.Conclusion Mental health status has a partial mediating effect in the influence of hearing impairment on quality of life in the elderly.Improving mental health,reducing negative emotions such as depression and anxiety,alleviating uncomfortable symptoms and actively preventing and treating chronic diseases such as diabetes can lead to improvement of quality of life in the elderly with hearing impairment.