嵌合抗原受体T细胞及T细胞抗原耦合器修饰T细胞技术的研究进展

Research progress of chimeric antigen receptor T cell and T cell antigen coupler modified T cell technology

目前,恶性肿瘤已成为严重威胁人类健康的公共问题之一。除手术、放疗、化疗、靶向疗法等方法外,随着分子生物学的发展,免疫疗法得到迅速发展,成为肿瘤治疗的一种新兴方法。临床免疫疗法采用最多的免疫细胞分别为DC、NK、CIK、CTL及嵌合抗原受体T细胞(chimeric antigen receptor T cell,CAR-T)等。其中CAR-T技术全球研究最早,但由于其存在脱靶、神经毒性、转染载体缺陷等问题,在临床应用方面具有一定局限性。T细胞抗原耦合器修饰T细胞(T cell antigen coupler modified T cell,TAC-T)技术是在CAR-T技术基础上发展的一种利用天然T细胞受体(T cell receptor,TCR)修饰T细胞并重新靶向肿瘤细胞抗原的新技术。本文就CAR-T技术的研究现状及TAC-T技术的研究进展作一综述,以期为TAC-T技术作用机制及其临床应用安全性的深入研究提供参考。

At present,malignant tumor has become one of the public problems that seriously threaten human health.In addition to surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,targeted therapy and other methods,with the development of molecular biology,immunotherapy has also developed rapidly,becoming an emerging method of cancer treatment.The most commonly used immune cells in clinical treatment are DC,NK,CIK,CTL and chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T).Among them,CAR-T technology is the initial technology for global research,while due to its off-target,neurotoxicity,transfection vector defects and other problems,it also has certain limitations in clinical application.T cell antigen coupler modified T cell(TAC-T)technology is a new technology developed on the basis of CAR-T,which uses natural T cell receptor(TCR)to modify T cells and retarget the antigen of cancer cells.In this paper,the research status of CAR-T technology and the research progress of TAC-T technology are reviewed in order to provide reference for further study on the mechanism of TAC-T technology and its safety of clinical application.