优秀本科生是如何炼成的--一项对国家奖学金获得者的研究

How They Become Excellent Undergraduates--A Study of National Scholarship Winners

以本科期间荣获过国家奖学金的优秀本科生为研究对象,在简历文本资料和访谈资料的基础上进行研究。研究认为,优秀本科生是多种复杂因素影响下的结果。本科生自身的学习品质是直接可控的重要影响因素,学习参与是间接可控的关键影响因素,院校的资源和条件是不可控的关键影响因素,以及包括学生特征在内的诸多前置性因素都属于间接不可控因素。但优秀或卓越都不能被概念化为在某个时期完成的静态结果,而是一个系统性的持续培养过程。在此意义上,变得优秀比优秀本身更为重要。这就需要既关注本科生学习的增值发展,也需要关注其可持续发展能力,不断探索基于中国制度和文化语境下的高影响力教育实践。

This article takes the excellent undergraduates who have won the national scholarship as the research object.Based on the resume text data and interview data,it is found that the excellent undergraduates are the result of the influence of a variety of complex factors.The learning quality of undergraduates is an important factor that can be controlled directly while the learning participation is the key factor that can be controlled indirectly.The resources and conditions of colleges and universities are the key factors that cannot be controlled.In addition,many pre-factors,including student characteristics,are indirect factors that cannot be controlled.Excellence or the quality of being outstanding cannot be conceptualized as a static result,completed in a certain period,it should be regarded as a systematic and continuous training process.In this sense,focusing on excellence or the process of becoming excellent needed to be discussed.We need to pay attention to both the value-added development and the sustainable development ability of college students,and constantly explore the high impact of educational practices under the Chinese system and within its special cultural context.