三种桑黄类真菌多指标活性成分和有害重金属含量测定

Determination of multi-index bioactive components and harmful heavy metal elements of three species of sanghuang mushrooms

目前桑黄市场产品趋向多样化,产业蓬勃发展,越来越多的省份颁布了桑黄质量标准或炮制标准,对桑黄产品质量控制起到了较好的规范和指导作用。同时,由于尚无国家级桑黄质量控制标准,各省桑黄质控评价指标和测定方法存在差异,不利于桑黄品质的横向比较和市场监管。此外,各省级桑黄标准中未对有害重金属元素进行限定。针对以上问题,本研究选定长白山地区3种桑黄类真菌子实体为研究对象,建立并优化“一提多测”方法优化提取工艺,高效测定桑黄中多糖、总黄酮、总酚、三萜和甾醇多指标性物质含量;对目前省级标准中NaNO2-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH法与AlCl_(3)法两种桑黄总黄酮测定方法进行比较,择优选之。参考《中华人民共和国药典》2020版方法,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定铅、镉、砷、汞和铜含量。结果显示,所用测定方法准确且满足方法学验证需求;总黄酮含量测定选择方法稳定性更好的AlCl_(3)法;人工栽培瓦尼桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii活性物质含量高,有害重金属元素含量低,作为目前市场上应用广泛的桑黄类真菌质量有一定保证;鲍姆桑黄Sanghuangporus baumii活性物质含量较低;蒙古锈迷孔菌Porodaedalea mongolica活性成分较高,铅、铜含量明显高于其他桑黄样品。未来桑黄类真菌应用与研究中,应注意监测活性成分与有害重金属含量。本研究建立的评测方法可为桑黄科学、高效质量评价提供参考。

Currently,sanghuang mushroom products tend towards diversification in the market,and the industry is booming.More and more provinces have issued quality standards or processing standards for sanghuang mushroom,which play an important role in regulating and guiding the quality control of sanghuang products.However,due to the lack of national-level quality control standards,there are still differences in the quality control evaluation indicators and detection methods among provincial sanghuang grading standards,resulting in disadvantage to the horizontal comparison of sanghuang quality and market supervision.In addition,the limits of harmful heavy metal elements are not prescribed in provincial sanghuang grading standards.In this study,the“one-off extraction and multiple detection”method was established and optimized for the extraction process and efficient detection of the content of polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total phenols,and triterpenes and sterols in three species of sanghuang mushrooms.Two different methods determining total flavonoids in current provincial standards,the NaNO_(2)-Al(NO_(3))_(3)-NaOH method and the AlCl_(3) method,were compared.Referring to the methods published in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the content of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,and Cu was determined by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results showed that the determination method used was accurate and met the requirements of methodological validation.The AlCl_(3) method was selected for the determination of total flavonoid content due to its better stability.Basidiomata of artificially cultivated Sanghuangporus vaninii had high levels of active ingredients and low levels of harmful heavy metal elements,providing a certain guarantee for the quality of widely applicative sanghuang in the current market.Sanghuangporus baumii had a relatively low level of active ingredients,while Porodaedalea mongolica had a relatively higher level of active ingredients and significantly higher Pb and Cu content than other sanghuang samples.It is suggested that,more attention should be paid to monitoring the content of active ingredients and harmful heavy metals in the future application and research of sanghuang mushrooms.The evaluation method established in this study might provide a reference for scientific and efficient quality evaluation of sanghuang mushrooms.