科技成果转化的三元素:人才激励、资金支持和中介机构

A Comparison of InnovationMechanism in Chinaand the Us

促进科技成果转化,对于促进经济高质量发展具有重要的现实和长远意义。本文通过理论分析、案例分析和比较分析发现,美国斯坦福大学科技成果转化的成功经验在于人才、资金和中介三个方面。人才方面,斯坦福大学推出允许脱岗创业、可通过专利获得商业利益等鼓励性措施,并拥有完备的知识产权保障体系,推动了人才与企业的广泛合作。资金方面,美国低息贷款、税收减免等政策促进了风险投资发展,成为斯坦福大学科技成果转化的重要融资渠道。中介方面,大学技术管理协会为科技成果转化提供了技术评估、专利申请、成果营销等完备的中介服务。比较来看,我国高校的制度环境对创新型人才的保护和激励不足,风险投资行业政策限制多、支持科技成果转化的资金较少,并缺乏科技成果评估、信息沟通等中介体系。借鉴美国经验,我国应完善对科技人才的鼓励创新和知识产权保护政策,优化限制约束加强风险投资对科技成果转化的资金支持,加快中介平台服务建设。这对于促进我国科技成果转化,完善国家创新体系,具有重要的理论和实践意义。

Innovation is the key to economic development.This paper conducts a case study of Stanford University in promoting scientific and technological advancement,and finds that the Stanford University case relies on three factors:talent,capital and intermediary entities.In comparison,the institutional environment of Chinese universities is insufficient to protect and encourage talents,while the restrictive policies in the VC/PE sector can't adequately support the transformation of science and technological achievements.Additionally,China lacks an intermediary system for the evaluation of scientific and technological achievements.Our policy suggestions include,among others,(1)establishing an intermediary platform services,(2)encouraging innovation and protecting intellectual property,(3)fine-tuning existing restrictions of the VC/PE sector.