RNA甲基化N6⁃甲基腺苷修饰在眼部疾病中作用的研究进展

Research progress in the effect of ribonucleic acid methylation N6⁃methylade⁃nosine modification on eye diseases

N6⁃甲基腺苷(m6A)是指在腺嘌呤的第6个N位点上发生的甲基化修饰,修饰过程主要由甲基转移酶、去甲基化酶和识别酶共同协调完成。RNA甲基化m6A修饰不仅能够调节mRNA代谢,包括mRNA选择性剪接、核输出、翻译和稳定性,而且参与多种细胞生物学过程,比如胚胎发育、免疫调节、脂肪代谢、生物节律等,进而影响疾病的发生发展。本文就RNA甲基化m6A修饰在眼部疾病,包括眼表疾病、青光眼、白内障、视网膜疾病、葡萄膜疾病、Graves眼病和眼部肿瘤的最新进展作一综述。

N6⁃methyladenosine(m6A)refers to the methylation modification that occurs at the 6th N site of adenine,and the modification is completed by methyltransferases,demethylases and recognition enzymes.The m6A ribonucleic acid(RNA)methylation modification can regulate the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)metabolism,such as alternative spli⁃cing,nuclear export,translation and stability of mRNA.Meanwhile,it can participate in various cellular biological proces⁃ses,such as embryonic development,immune regulation,fat metabolism,and biological rhythms,which subsequently af⁃fect the occurrence and development of diseases.This paper was to summarize the recent research progress of m6A RNA methylation modification in eye diseases,including ocular surface diseases,glaucoma,cataracts,retinal diseases,uveal diseases,Graves eye diseases,and ocular tumors.