黄河鲤新品系F_(3)和F_(4)群体的生长和肌肉营养成分差异分析

Analysis of Difference in Growth and Muscle Nutrient Composition between F_(3)and F_(4)Populations of Yellow River Common Carp Cyprinus carpio New Strain

为探讨黄河鲤新品系群体选育过程中相邻世代F_(3)和F_(4)群体的生长和肌肉营养组成差异,分别从2龄黄河鲤新品系F_(3)和F_(4)群体中挑选10尾进行肌肉营养组成分析。结果显示:2龄黄河鲤新品系F_(4)群体的体长和体质量均显著高于F_(3)群体(P<0.05);黄河鲤新品系F_(3)和F_(4)群体的肌肉水分和粗脂肪差异不显著(P>0.05),F_(3)群体的肌肉粗灰分和粗蛋白含量均显著高于F_(4)群体(P<0.05);黄河鲤新品系F_(3)和F_(4)群体的肌肉总氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),F_(3)群体的肌肉非必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸/总氨基酸均显著高于F_(4)群体(P<0.05),但F_(4)群体的必需氨基酸/总氨基酸却显著高于F_(3)群体(P<0.05);黄河鲤新品系F_(3)和F_(4)群体的肌肉饱和脂肪酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);F_(3)群体的肌肉棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、花生一烯酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于F_(4)群体(P<0.05),而硬脂酸、芥酸、亚油酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸和n-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量却显著低于F_(4)群体(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明:黄河鲤新品系F_(4)群体的体质量、体长、必需氨基酸/总氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量得到显著提高,体长和体质量分别由299.86mm、605.98g增至326.34mm、778.36g;必需氨基酸/总氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量分别由49.17%和31.87%增至51.07%和41.52%,尤其是二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸占比由0.45%和1.31%增至0.90%和5.42%,但肌肉中鲜味氨基酸含量却显著下降,由69.15g/kg降至65.34g/kg。

This study aims to explore the differences in growth and muscle nutritional composition of F_(3)and F_(4)populations in the selection and breeding process of Yellow River common carp Cyprinus carpio new strain.A total of 10 individuals at two years old were selected respectively for muscle nutrition analysis.The results showed that the body length and body weight of F_(4)population were significantly higher than that of F_(3)population(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in muscle moisture and crude fat between F_(3)and F_(4)(P>0.05),but the content of crude ash and crude protein in F_(3)was significantly higher than that in F_(4)(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in total amino acid content and essential amino acid content between F_(3)and F_(4)populations(P>0.05).Non-essential amino acids content,taste relating amino acids content and taste relating amino acids/total amino acid of F_(3)population were significantly higher than those of F_(4)population(P<0.05),but essential amino acid/total amino acid of F_(4)population was significantly higher than that of F_(3)population(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of saturated fatty acid,α-linoenic acid and arachidonic acid between F_(3)and F_(4)populations(P>0.05).The contents of palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,oleic acid,arachidonic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid in muscle of F_(3)population were significantly higher than those of F_(4)population(P<0.05),while the contents of stearic acid,erucic acid,linoleic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,docosahexaenoic acid,polyunsaturated fatty acid,n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle of F_(3)population were significantly higher than those of F_(4)population(P<0.05).It was found that body weight,body length,essential amino acid/total amino acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of F_(4)population were significantly increased,and the body length and body weight were increased from 299.86 mm and 605.98 g to 326.34 mm and 778.36 g respectively,the contents of essential amino acids/total amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased from 49.17%and 31.87%to 51.07%and 41.52%respectively,especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid increased from 0.45%and 1.31%to 0.90%and 5.42%,but the content of fresh amino acids in muscle decreased significantly from 69.15 g/kg to 65.34 g/kg.