鹤壁前嘴及崔村沟古窑址钧瓷釉组成与呈色特征研究

Chemical Composition and Colorimetric Characteristics of Jun Glazes from Hebi Qianzui Kiln and Cuicungou Kiln

采用能量色散X荧光光谱仪与分光测色仪对鹤壁前嘴及崔村沟古窑址采集的元代钧瓷釉片化学组成与呈色特征进行分析.结果表明:两处古窑址样品釉的Al 2O_(3)平均含量为10.50%,但SiO_(2)平均含量不同.其中前嘴古窑址样品SiO_(2)平均含量为73.20%,崔村沟古窑址样品的SiO_(2)平均含量略高,为75%.前嘴古窑址钧釉硅铝摩尔比较为集中(10~12),崔村沟古窑址钧釉的硅铝摩尔比较为分散(8~15).釉中均含有较多K_(2)O与CaO,即采用的釉类型为碱-石灰釉,但前嘴古窑址钧釉中的CaO与K_(2)O含量更高,釉层更易出现分相结构,青色调更加明显.釉中MnO与P_(2)O^(5)含量均相近,但波动不同,可能是采用的草木灰类型不同或加工方式不同.两处窑址的钧瓷釉呈色相近,主要为蓝紫色、青蓝色、青白色及黑褐色,其中前嘴古窑址的钧瓷釉偏青蓝色调,崔村沟古窑址的钧瓷釉b*值更小,偏蓝色调.

Chemical composition and colorimetric characteristics of Jun glazes of the Yuan dynasty from Hebi Qianzui kiln and Cuicungou kiln were analyzed by EDXRF and colorimeter in the study.The results show that the average Al 2O_(3) content of the samples is 10.50%,but the average SiO_(2) content is different.The average content of SiO_(2) in Qianzui ancient kiln samples is 73.20%,less than that in Cuicungou ancient kiln with 75%.The molar ratio of SiO_(2) and Al 2O_(3) in the glazes from Qianzui kiln is relatively concentrated from 10 to 12;while the molar ratio of SiO_(2) and Al 2O_(3) from Cuicungou kiln is relatively varied,ranging from 8 to 15.The compositions of glazes show that they contain high K_(2)O and CaO,indicating that the glazes are“alkali-calcium glazes”.However,the contents of K_(2)O and CaO in Qianzui kiln samples are higher than that in Cuicungou kiln samples,making the green tone of the glazes more pronounced and phase separation easier to form.The average contents of MnO and P_(2)O^(5) are similar,however,the fluctuation range is various,which means that different types of plant ash were used in the glazes or different methods were processed.The Jun porcelain fragments collected from the two kilns are of similar color with purple-blue,cyan,bluish-white and dark-brown as the main colors.The samples from the Qianzui kiln present greenish blue glaze,while the samples from Cuicungou kiln has lower b*value with the bluer glaze.