职工基本养老保险与社会化养老需求--基于家庭代际支持视角

Employee Basic Pension Insurance and the Demand for Socialized Old-Age Care:Based on the Intergenerational Family Support Perspective

我国持续加深的人口老龄化,导致对社会化养老需求的日益提升。通过构建城镇职工基本养老保险金与社会化养老需求的效用函数,并基于2018年中国老年社会追踪调查数据(CLASS)的实证研究发现,职工基本养老保险金的提高增加了城镇社会化养老需求,其影响的净效应介于22.3%~23.6%;不同群组间的社会化养老需求存在异质性:女性、低龄、健康状况较好的相比男性、高龄、健康状况较差的老年人,其职工基本养老保险金使其对社会化养老的需求更高;子女的经济支持产生正向调节效应,而时间支持产生负向调节效应。有鉴于此,政策层面一方面应鼓励多层次养老保障体系建设,另一方面则应在积极支持居家社区养老的同时,加快建设适应多元化需求的包容性养老服务体系。

The continuously increasing population aging in China has led to the increasing demand for socialized old-age care.By constructing the utility function of urban workers'basic pension insurance premium and socialized old-age demand,and based on the 2018 China Elderly Social Tracking Survey(CLASS)data,the empirical study shows that the increase in workers'basic pension insurance premium increases the demand for socialized old-age in urban areas,with the net effect of its impact ranging from 22.3%to 23.6%.Moreover,there is heterogeneity in the demand for socialized old-age care among different cohorts,with women,younger,and healthier older adults having higher demand for socialized old-age care due to employee basic pension insurance than men,older,and less healthy older adults.Among them,financial support from children plays a positive moderating effect,while time support plays a negative moderating effect.In view of this,on the one hand,the construction of a multi-level old-age security system should be encouraged,while on the other hand,the construction of an inclusive old-age service system that adapts to diversified needs should be accelerated while actively supporting home-based community care.