硅肥对马铃薯生长发育及产量品质的影响

Effect of Silicon Fertilizer on Potato Growth and Development and Yield Quality

以克新1号为试材,设置不同硅肥施用量处理进行两年试验,测定马铃薯各器官干物质积累量、产量及品质等指标。结果表明,与未施用硅肥对照相比,施用硅肥处理的马铃薯叶片与块茎干物质积累量均显著提高,根冠比随着硅肥施用量的增加呈现显著上升趋势。在马铃薯产量与品质方面,各硅肥施用量处理均可提高产量及商品薯率,硅肥施用量为45kg·hm^(-2)时较对照两年平均增产29.95%,商品薯率增加5.5百分点;施用量为75kg·hm^(-2)时较对照两年平均增产57.01%,商品薯率增加8.8百分点。块茎淀粉含量随硅肥施用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,还原糖含量则显著下降。综上,硅肥施用量为75kg·hm^(-2)时对马铃薯产量以及商品薯率的提高效果最为明显,而马铃薯块茎相关品质指标在硅肥施用量为45kg·hm^(-2)时较优。

This paper took potato variety‘Kexin No.1’as test material,set up treatments of different silicon fertilizer application amount for 2 years experiment,and measured the dry matter accumulation,yield and quality indexes of various potato organs.The results showed that compared to no application of silicon fertilizer contrast,the accumulation amount of dry matter in potato leaves and tubers was all significantly higher than that in applying silicon fertilizer treatment;and root shoot ratio showed a significant increasing trend along with the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount.In terms of potato yield and quality,all treatment of each silicon fertilizer application amount could increase the yield and commodity potato percentage.When silicon fertilizer application amount was 45 kg·hm^(-2),the 2 years average yield could increase 29.95%than that of the contrast,and commodity potato percentage increased by 5.5 percentage point;and a 2 years average yield could increase 57.01%,when silicon fertilizer application amount was 75 kg·hm^(-2) and commodity potato percentage increased by 8.8 percentage point.The tuber starch content showed a changing trend of increasing first then decreasing along with the increase of silicon fertilizer application amount.While,the reducing sugar content decreased significantly.In conclusion,when the silica fertilizer application amount was 75 kg·hm^(-2),the increasing effect on potato yield and commodity potato percentage was the most obvious.While,the related quality indexes of potato tubers were better,when the silicon fertilizer application amount was 45 kg·hm^(-2).