生命历程视角下脱贫农户抗逆力培育的叙事探究

Narrative Inquiry for the Cultivation of Resilience of Farmers Lifted out of Poverty:A Life Course Perspective

相对其他农户,脱贫农户在生存和发展中可能需要经历更多的风险和逆境。抗逆力作为个体所具有的抗御困境并恢复正常适应的能力,对于巩固脱贫成果具有重要的意义。基于生命历程的视角,以脱贫农户F为个案,通过叙事探究呈现其不同生命历程中抗逆力的培育策略、表现形式和保护性因素,可以发现:面对不同压力源,脱贫农户采取了相应的学习策略,通过积极抗逆力(认知调节和行为调节)和消极抗逆力(否定、逃避和选择)来应对相关压力。外部和内部保护性因素双管齐下,可以激发抗逆力。在此基础上,勾勒了脱贫农户抗逆力培育的生成机制:“爱学会学”是抗逆力培育的重要手段;“保护性因素”是抗逆力培育的间接推手;“合理选择”是抗逆力培育的有效路径。

Compared with other farmers,farmers lifted out of poverty may have to experience more risks and adversity in their survival and development.Resilience is an individual’s ability to resist and combat difficulties and restore to normal life,which is of great significance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.From the perspective of life course,taking a farmer named F lifted out of poverty as an example,through narrative inquiry,this paper presents the cultivation strategies,manifestations and protective factors of resilience in his different life phases.It is found that facing different stressors,the farmer lifted out of poverty adopted corresponding learning strategies,and responded to related pressures through positive resilience(cognitive adjustment and behavior adjustment)and negative resilience(denial,evasion and selection).Both external and internal protective factors were used to stimulate resilience.On this basis,the author outlines the generation mechanism of the cultivation of resilience of farmers lifted out of poverty.“Love learning and do well in learning”is an important tool for cultivating resilience;“protective factors”are indirect promoters for cultivating resilience;“choose wisely”is an effective way to cultivate resilience.