我国减负政策变迁研究——基于倡导联盟框架的分析

Changes of China’s Burden Reduction Policy:An Analysis Based on the Advocacy Coalition Framework

用倡导联盟理论分析范式,检视我国减负政策的历史变迁与逻辑演变发现:中华人民共和国成立以来,我国减负政策经历了萌芽期、加速期和提质期三个阶段,呈现出全面化和特色化的发展态势。运用倡导联盟分析框架梳理我国减负政策文本,审视其逻辑演变发现,减负政策的发展受到政策子系统(包括党和政府主导的支持者联盟、社会各界人士组成的反对者联盟以及调和联盟间矛盾的政策经纪人)、政策取向的学习(包括联盟间的内部学习、跨联盟间的学习和外部学习)与政策子系统的外部环境的影响。其中,党和政府主导的支持者联盟始终占据优势地位,特征明显。未来减负政策应敏锐识别问题来源,及时捕捉中小学生学业负担问题的现实变量,审慎借助媒体和舆论的力量;坚持多中心的治理理念,扩大减负政策场域,鼓励社会力量参与,促进减负政策的不断完善。

Using the advocacy coalition framework analysis paradigm,this paper examines the historical changes and evolution logic of China’s burden reduction policy.It is found that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the burden reduction policy has gone through three stages:infancy,acceleration period and quality-improving period,which develops in a comprehensive and characteristic way.Combing the burden reduction policy texts and examining its evolution logic,it is found that the development of burden reduction policy is influenced by policy subsystems(including the support coalition led by the Party and the government,the opposing coalition formed by people from all walks of life and the policy brokers who seek to minimize conflict and produce compromises between coalitions),the policy-oriented learning(including learning within coalitions,learning across coalitions,and external learning),and the external environment of the policy subsystems.Among them,the support coalition led by the Party and the government has always occupied a dominant position with distinctive characteristics.In the future,in making the burden reduction policy,we should be observant and identify the source of problems,timely capture the actual variables of the academic burden of primary and secondary school students,and use cautiously the power of media and public opinion.At the same time,we should adhere to the multi-center governance concept,expand the field of burden reduction policy,encourage the participation of social forces,and promote the continuous improvement of burden reduction policy.