职务犯罪案件监察调查强制措施体系构建研究——以监察调查与审查起诉强制措施衔接为视角

Research on Construction of Compulsory Measures System for Supervision and Investigation of Duty Crime Cases——From the perspective of supervision investigation and compulsory measures of examination and prosecution

监察体制改革后,职务犯罪案件采取了“调查—起诉”全新的追诉模式,为实现被调查人向犯罪嫌疑人的身份转变,需要监察强制措施与刑事强制措施进行有序衔接,而《中华人民共和国监察法》中并未单独规定监察强制措施体系,因此需要对监察强制措施这一概念进行证成,为两者的衔接提供理论定性。当前监察调查强制措施体系外延单薄、措施配置失衡,导致其与刑事强制措施衔接存在制度性障碍,具体表现为两者体例不一难以有效对应、数量差异影响衔接精准度、适用对象的差异面临合法性挑战以及内容错位引发双重困境等一系列现实困境。对此,应当以构建体例独立、配置合理的监察调查强制措施为治本之策,在重塑既有监察强制措施的同时,借鉴刑事强制措施体系构建多元化的监察强制措施体系。

After the reform of the supervision system,the new prosecution mode of“investigation-prosecution”has been adopted in the cases of duty crimes.In order to realize the transformation of the person under investigation into a criminal suspect,compulsory supervisory measures and criminal coercive measures need to be connected in an orderly way.However,the Supervision Law does not provide a separate system of compulsory supervisory measures,so the concept of compulsory supervisory measures needs to be verified to provide theoretical qualitative for the connection between the two.At present,coercive measures of supervision and investigation have weak extension system and unbalanced allocation of measures,leading to institutional obstacles in the connection between them and criminal coercive measures.Specifically,there are a series of practical dilemmas,such as the difficulty of effective correspondence between the two types,quantity difference affecting the precision of connection,legitimacy challenge caused by the difference of applicable objects and double dilemma caused by the misalignment of content.To this end,we should take the construction of independent and reasonably allocated coercive measures of supervision investigation as the fundamental solution.While reshaping the existing coercive measures of supervision,we should build a diversified system of coercive measures of supervision by learning from the system of criminal coercive measures.