论集体经营性建设用地市场化流转中农民的生态权及其法律保障

On Farmers Ecological Right and Its Legal Protection in the Marketization Circulation of Collective Productive Construction Land

集体经营性建设用地市场化流转中生态权的主体是生存环境遭受破坏的农民,客体是农民的生态利益,内容既包括实体性权利也包括程序性的权利。集体经营性建设用地市场化流转中农民享有生态权是公共信托理论、资源社会性理论、生态正义理论的必然要求。然而,在立法层面,无论是宪法、法律还是各地方性法规对集体经营性建设用地市场化流转中农民生态权的规定都不完善;在现实层面,集体经营性建设用地市场化流转中农民的生态权从享有到行使都面临多重困境。基于此,在立法层面,应确立公民生态权的宪法地位、在环境保护法律中明确农民生态权的具体内容、在集体经营性建设用地入市的相关立法中确立农地生态补偿的规定;在制度构建层面,建立和完善集体经营性建设用地市场化流转的生态补偿制度、环境信息公开制度、生态资源产权制度等。

The subject of ecological rights in the market-oriented transfer of collective commercial construction land is the farmers whose living environment has been damaged.The object is the ecological interests of farmers,including both substantive rights and procedural rights.It is an inevitable requirement of public trust theory,resource sociality theory and ecological justice theory for farmers to enjoy ecological rights in the market-oriented transfer of collective commercial construction land.However,at the legislative level,no matter in the constitution,laws or local regulations,the provisions of farmers'ecological rights in the market-oriented transfer of collective operational construction land are not perfect.In reality,farmers face multiple difficulties from enjoying to exercising their ecological rights in the market-oriented transfer of collective commercial construction land.Based on this,at the legislative level,we should establish the constitutional status of citizens'ecological rights,clarify the specific content of farmers'ecological rights in environmental protection laws,and establish the provisions of agricultural land ecological compensation in the relevant legislation of the marketing of collective commercial construction land.On the other hand,at the level of institutional construction,we should establish and improve the ecological compensation system,environmental information disclosure system and ecological resource property rights system for the market-oriented transfer of collective commercial construction land.