激光扫描技术在建立数字露头模型中的应用综述

Application of laser scanning technology in establishing digital outcrop

激光扫描技术可获得扫描对象表面的三维坐标、反射率等多种信息的点云数据并建立三维模型,模拟现实事物的形态。将其应用到建立数字露头模型中,提高了模型精度和建模效率。从介绍激光扫描技术原理出发,对建立数字露头模型主流的两种数据采集仪器———地面固定式激光扫描仪和无人机进行对比,得出地面固定式激光扫描仪在稳定性、精度、操作等方面较无人机占优的结论。并展示了基于点云数据建立数字露头模型的过程,列举了激光扫描技术在建立数字露头模型中的实际应用。在点云数据处理过程中,目前研究发现存在点云匹配精度不够、自动匹配效果差、丢失部分数据特征、自动删除点云较多等问题,解决这些问题是未来的发展方向。

Laser scanning technology can obtain 3D coordinates,reflectivity and other information of the scanned object surface,and the formed point cloud data can establish 3D models to simulate the real shape of various things in reality.The application of this method to the establishment of digital outcrop model has improved the accuracy and modeling efficiency of the model,which makes it an indispensable means to obtain field original data in the research of digital outcrop.Based on the introduction of the principle of laser scanning technology,the laser scanning technology is classified according to the scanning space position or the system operation platform.By comparing the two main data acquisition instruments for establishing digital outcrop models,ground fixed laser scanner and UAV,it is concluded that ground fixed laser scanner is superior to UAV in stability,accuracy,operation,etc.It also shows the process of building digital outcrop model based on point cloud data,and enumerates the practical application of laser scanning technology in building digital outcrop model.In the process of point cloud data processing,the current research finds that there are problems such as insufficient point cloud matching accuracy,poor automatic matching effect,loss of some data features,and more automatic deletion of point clouds.Solving these problems is the development direction of future digital outcrop model building methods.