论社会救助权的法律保障机制

On the Legal Guarantee of Social Assistance Rights

社会救助历经由恩惠至权利的转变,作为法律化与权利化的基本人权,社会救助权的充分实现离不开法律机制的保障。社会救助权具备三项基本权能,防御权能要求外界不得对其进行侵犯,受益权能要求政府承担积极的给付义务以保障社会救助权的实现,救济权能则要求为社会救助权提供有效救济。社会救助权的有效实现受制于其所依赖的制度体系,在注重各法衔接与调适的基础上以发展型救助、实体与程序保障并重为法律理念进行制度设计,并根据社会救助权的权能属性从完善顶层制度设计、规范行政给付和强化司法保障三方面构建科学可行的法律保障机制。

Social assistance has gone through the transformation from favor to rights.As a basic human rights of legalization and empowerment,the full realization of the right to social assistance can not be separated from the protection of legal mechanisms.The rights to social assistance has three basic functions.The right to defense requires that the outside world should not infringe on it.The right to benefit requires that the government should assume positive payment obligations to ensure the realization of the right to social assistance.The right to relief requires that effective relief be provided for the right to social assistance.The effective realization of the right to social assistance is subject to the institutional system it depends on.On the basis of focusing on the connection and adjustment of various laws,the system design is based on the legal concept of development oriented assistance,entity and procedural security,and according to the power attribute of the right to social assistance,a scientific and feasible legal security mechanism is constructed from three aspects:improving the top-level system design,standardizing administrative payment and strengthening judicial security.