弯蒴杜鹃花朵挥发性成分的特点

Volatile Components from Flowering of Rhododendron henryi

以盆栽弯蒴杜鹃(Rhododendron henryi Hance.)花朵为材料,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法,分析其4个开花过程及花瓣和雌雄蕊的挥发性成分。结果表明:所有样品中共检测出60种挥发性成分;萜烯类化合物种类最多,有26种;花蕾期以醇类化合物为主,其他3个过程和花瓣以酯类化合物为主,雌雄蕊以萜烯类化合物为主。盛开期花朵挥发性成分的种类最多,有33种;花蕾期挥发性成分的种类最少,只有9种。花蕾期芳樟醇相对质量分数最高,达55.47%;其他3个过程以苯甲酸甲酯相对质量分数最高,分别为36.54%、38.23%、37.22%。花瓣和雌雄蕊挥发性成分的种类分别有24种和32种,以苯甲酸甲酯相对质量分数最高,分别达43.16%和17.70%。弯蒴杜鹃4个开花过程挥发性成分存在差异,芳樟醇、苯甲酸甲酯和罗勒烯是弯蒴杜鹃特征香气成分,花瓣和雌雄蕊挥发性成分存在明显差异,弯蒴杜鹃花香给人舒适的感觉,适合开发利用。

The experiment was conducted to study the species and changes of flora fragrance components of Rhododendron henryi in different flowering stages and parts.Volatile components at four stages and two parts of the flowers of R.henryi were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS.Sixty volatile components were identified,and terpene components were the most abundant,with 26 compounds.In bud stage and pistil and stamen,terpenes are the main compounds,and esters are the main compounds in the other three processes.The largest numbers of volatile components were 33 at full bloom stage whereas the least one were 9 at bud stage.Linalool content was the highest in bud stage,reaching 55.47%.The content of methyl benzoate was the highest in the other three processes,36.54%,38.23%and 37.22%,respectively.There were 24 and 32 volatile components in petals and pistil and stamens,respectively,and methyl benzoate was the highest,reaching 43.16%and 17.70%,respectively.There were different in the volatile components of the four flowering stages.Linalool,methyl benzoate and rolene were characteristic aroma constituents of R.henryi.The volatile components of petal and pistil and stamen were obviously different.The flowers of R.henryi were comfortable and suitable for using.