吉林地区桦潜叶蜂生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Profenusa thomsoni in Jilin

采用形态学与分子生物学鉴定技术,结合室内测定与田间观察的研究方法,探究了桦潜叶蜂在中国分布区的生物学特性。结果表明:桦潜叶蜂(Profenusa thomsoni)在吉林地区1 a发生2代。93.22%的老熟幼虫在树下0~10 cm深的土壤中做土茧越冬。桦潜叶蜂5月下旬化蛹,蛹期5~10 d;6月上旬始见1代成虫,成虫寿命为1~2 d。桦潜叶蜂成虫产卵于桦树近地面嫩叶的表皮中,每叶可见产卵痕1~10个。日平均温度为15~20℃时,卵经过5~7 d可孵化。桦潜叶蜂幼虫期为20~25 d,老熟幼虫一部分脱落叶片潜入浅土,一部分在叶片为害部位化蛹,蛹期5~8 d。7月上旬,2代桦潜叶蜂成虫羽化,卵产于桦树中、上层嫩叶内。2代桦潜叶蜂对叶片的为害较重,为害占比为72.32%。8月中旬,以老熟幼虫脱叶潜入土中形成土茧越冬。

Morphological and molecular biology identification techniques were used to determine the biological characteristics of the birch leafminer wasp in its distribution area in China by combining indoor measurements and field observations.The results showed that Profenusa thomsoni occurred in two generations in 1ain Jilin.The 93.22%of the mature larvae overwintered in the soil at a depth of 0-10 cm under the trees as soil cocoons.The birch leafminer pupates in late May,with a pupal period of 5-10 d.The first generation of adults is seen in early June,with a life span of 1-2 d.The birch leafminer lays its eggs in the epidermis of young leaves near the ground of birch trees,with 1-10 egg marks per leaf.At an average daily temperature of 15-20℃,the eggs hatch in 5-7 d.The birch leafminer larvae feed on the flesh of the leaves,leaving the upper and lower epidermis behind.In early July,the second generation of adult birch leafminer wasps matures and lays its eggs in the middle and upper young leaves of birch trees.In mid-August,the mature larvae shed their leaves and dive into the soil to form cocoons for overwintering.