拉萨市生态系统调节服务价值核算

Study on the Cost Evaluation of the Ecosystem Regulation Services in Lhasa

生态系统具有产品供给、调节服务和文化服务三大价值,其中调节服务是生态系统最重要的价值。通过对土壤保持、固碳释氧、水源涵养、净化污染、气候调节5种生态系统的主要调节服务功能建立核算指标,运用影子工程法、市场价值法、替代成本法和碳税法计算得出2020年拉萨市各生态系统调节服务价值约为29000亿元,其中土壤保持价值为61.38亿元,固碳释养价值为27463亿元,水源涵养价值为1.71亿元,净化污染价值为542万元,大气调节价值为1474亿元。不同生态系统类型价值量由大到小依次为林地>草地>湿地>水体>未利用地>耕地>人造用地。不同行政区划生态系统调节服务价值量大小为当雄县>墨竹工卡县>林周县>尼木县>堆龙德庆区>达孜县>曲水县>城关区。研究表明,拉萨市生态系统调节服务价值量巨大,其中生态系统固碳释养价值在高原地区尤其显著,未利用土地生态系统调节服务价值同样不容小觑。该结果可以为拉萨市今后国土规划、生态系统管理与保护提供重要参考依据。

Ecosystems have three main functions,i.e.product supply,regulatory service,and cultural service,of which the regulatory service is the most important component of ecosystems.Through establishment of the evalua-tion indicators for the main regulatory service functions of five ecosystems of soil conservation,carbon sequestra-tion and oxygen release,water conservation,purification and pollution,and climate regulation,the cost of the reg-ulation service in Lhasa's ecosystems in 2020 was calculated using the shadow engineering method,the market value method,the alternative cost method,and the carbon tax method in this paper.Our results show that the val-ue of each ecological regulation service in Lhasa of 2020 was 2900 billion yuan,and of which the cost of soil conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,water conservation,purification pollution,and climate regulation are 6.138 billion yuan,2.7463 billion yuan,171 million yuan,5.42 million yuan,and 147.4 billion yu-an,respectively.The cost of different ecosystem types is woodland>grassland>wetland>unused land>arable land>construction land in descending order.The cost of ecosystem regulation service of administrative divisions was Damxung County>Maizhokunggar County>Lhunzhub County>Nyemo County>Doilungdeqen Country>Dagze District>Quxu County>Chengguan District.Our results also show that the cost of ecosystem regulation service in Lhasa is enormous,and the cost of ecosystem carbon sequestration and nutrient release are particular-ly huge in the plateau area.Furthermore,the cost of ecosystem regulation service of unused land should not be underestimated.Our results can provide an reference for Lhasa's future land planning,ecosystem management,and protection.