有机物料长期施用对稻田土壤养分的影响

Effects of Long-term Application of Organic Materials on Soil Nutrients in Paddy Fields

通过2010—2021年连续12年的长期定位试验,研究了紫云英、水稻秸秆、商品有机肥等有机物料还田施用对稻田土壤养分的影响。结果表明:施用有机物料可以有效提高稻田土壤氮磷钾和有机质等含量。与单施化肥处理相比,紫云英还田土壤碱解氮含量增加6.97%,商品有机肥配施土壤有效磷含量增加49.30%,水稻秸秆还田土壤速效钾含量增加49.32%。3种有机物料处理土壤有机质增加相近(6.0%~7.5%),可以改善土壤酸性但差异不显著。不同有机物料对土壤基础养分的增加差异显著,紫云英还田土壤固氮能力最强,商品有机肥配施土壤磷素增加最明显,秸秆还田土壤钾素提高最显著。可见,有机物料长期还田施用是一种培肥土壤的有效措施,有助于稻田土壤的可持续利用。

The effects of returning organic materials,such as Chinese milk vetch,rice straw and commercial organic fertilizer,on soil nutrients in paddy fields were studied through a 12-year long-term positioning experiment from 2010 to 2021.The results show that application of organic materials can effectively increase the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter in paddy soil.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,Chinese milk vetch increases the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 6.97%,commercial organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer increases the content of soil available phosphorus by 49.30%,rice straw increases the content of soil available potassium by 49.32%.Application of green manure,rice straw and commercial organic fertilizer increase the content of soil organic matter by 6.0%to 7.5%,and improve soil acidity but the difference is insignificant.There are significant differences in the increases of soil nutrients among different organic materials.Chinese milk vetch green manure has the strongest fixation ability of soil nitrogen,organic fertilizer and rice straw have the most significant increase in soil phosphorus and soil potassium,respectively.In conclusion,long-term application of organic materials is an effective measure to fertilize soil and contribute to the sustainable utilization of paddy soil.