减施化肥配施不同有机肥对优质籼稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Reduced Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield and Quality of High-quality Indica Rice

为比较减施化肥配施商品有机肥和生物有机肥对优质籼稻产量和品质的影响差异,以6个不同类型优质籼稻品种作为供试材料,设置不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、商品有机肥和化肥按氮含量1︰1配施(SF)、生物有机肥和化肥按氮含量1︰1配施(WF)4个处理,结果表明:①施肥能够显著提高优质籼稻产量,但对比单施化肥处理配施有机肥显著降低所有品种的产量,其中配施生物有机肥处理产量较配施商品有机肥呈增产趋势,但不显著。②相对于化肥处理,配施有机肥通过提高稻米整精米率、垩白粒率和垩白度改善了稻米加工品质并降低了外观品质,少数品种达显著水平。③配施有机肥较化肥处理具有延长稻米胶稠度的趋势,但不显著,并在配施生物有机肥下达最长,但绝大数品种的蛋白质含量却较化肥处理显著降低,从而提高米饭的适口性。④配施有机肥能提高稻米峰值黏度和崩解值,降低消减值和糊化温度,虽然变化不显著,但使得稻米RVA谱特征值接近不施肥处理的水平,有利于改善稻米食味品质,特别是配施生物有机肥更为接近。

In order to study the influence of reduced chemical fertilizer with commercial organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers on the yield and quality of high-quality indica rice,a field experiment was conducted in which six high-quality indica rice varieties and 4 fertilizer treatments were designed,including no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilizer(CF),apply commercial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer according to 1︰1 nitrogen content(SF),and apply bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer according to 1︰1 nitrogen content(WF).The results show that:1)Fertilization significantly improves the yield of high-quality indica rice.Compared with CF,the combined application of organic fertilizer significantly decreases the yields of all varieties,whereas the rice yield in combined application of bio-organic fertilizer is slightly higher than that of commercial organic fertilizer.2)Compared with CF,the combined application of organic fertilizer improves rice processing quality and reduces the appearance quality by increasing rice milling rate,chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree,and a few varieties reach the significant level.3)Compared with CF,the combined application of organic fertilizer increases rice gel consistency,and the combined application of bio-organic fertilizer reaches the maximum.However,the protein contents of most varieties are significantly lower than CF,thereby improving the palatability of rice.4)Compared with CF,combined application of organic fertilizer increases the peak viscosity and breakdown,decreases setback and pasting temperature,while the RVA profile characteristics of rice is close to the level of no fertilization treatment.In conclusion,the combined application of organic fertilizers can improve the taste quality of rice,especially the combined application of microbial organic fertilizers.