磷肥配施生物质改良剂对盐渍土改良与玉米增产的效应

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer Combined with Biological Materials on Saline Soil Improvement and Maize Yield

以玉米为供试作物,通过田间试验设置无磷肥和生物质改良剂对照、单施不同量磷肥和磷肥配施生物质改良剂(微生物菌肥、生物质炭、腐殖酸和黄腐酸)处理,研究了磷肥配施生物质改良剂对盐渍化土壤的改良效应及对玉米的增产作用。结果表明:与对照处理相比,各处理的土壤容重和pH分别降低1.96%~14.38%和0.11%~1.98%,土壤有效磷含量增加33.71%~182.39%;施磷75 kg/hm^(2)处理下的籽粒磷素积累量最高,施磷150 kg/hm^(2)处理下的茎秆、叶片和植株的磷素积累量最显著;磷肥利用率、磷肥农学效率和磷肥偏生产力随施磷量增加呈下降趋势。与对照处理相比,各处理的玉米单株鲜重和干重分别增加6.52%~34.78%和11.54%~42.31%,百粒重和产量分别增加31.15%~40.52%和21.81%~60.02%。主成分分析表明,150 kg/hm^(2)磷肥配施7500 kg/hm^(2)生物质炭处理的综合得分最高(分值为1.2551),该处理在土壤改良、磷肥利用与玉米增产等方面的综合效果最优。

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of phosphorus fertilizer combined with four kinds of biological materials(microbial fertilizer,W;biochar,S;humic acid,F;and fulhuic acid,H)on salinized soil improvement and maize yield.A total of 16 treatments including no phosphate fertilizer and no biological material treatment(CK),conventional phosphorus fertilizer(P5,75 kg/hm^(2);P10,150 kg/hm^(2);P15,225 kg/hm^(2)),and phosphorus fertilizer combined with materials(P5W,P5S,P5F,P5H,P10W,P10S,P10F,P10H,P15W,P15S,P15F,P15H,P15H)were set up in this experiment.Results show that compared with CK,soil bulk density and pH are decreased by 1.96%–14.38%and 0.11%–1.98%respectively,soil available P content are increased by 33.71%–182.39%.P accumulation in grain is the highest under 75 kg/hm^(2) P fertilizer application and P accumulation in stem,leaf and plant are the most significant under 150 kg/hm^(2) P fertilizer application.The utilization rate,agricultural efficiency and partial productivity of P fertilizer are decreased as P fertilizer amount is increased.Maize fresh weight and dry weight per plant are increased by 6.52%–34.78%and 11.54%–42.31%respectively.The 100-grain weight and yield are increased by 31.15%–40.52%and 21.81%–60.02%respectively.Principal component analysis shows that the highest comprehensive score of 150 kg/hm^(2) P fertilizer combined with 7500 kg/hm^(2) biochar treatment is 1.2551,and this treatment has the best comprehensive effect on soil improvement,phosphorus fertilizer utilization and maize yield increase.This study provides important theoretical and technical support for salinized soil improvement and efficient phosphate fertilizer utilization.