农村互助养老的“组织化”困境与优化路径——基于社会资本视角

The Dilemma and Optimization Path in Organizationof Rural Mutual-aid for the Aged——From the Perspective of Social Capital

农村互助养老的关键问题是如何尽可能将特定地域内的社会资源和社会关系组织起来,高效合理配置其资源和关系,促进持续有效互助养老服务供给。通过不同的“动员社会”形式以及多元主体的合作生产,组织化过程最终形成了农村互助养老运作秩序。田野调查发现,农村互助养老存在自组织化、他组织化、协作组织化等形式,并出现“低度组织”“准组织化”相存的组织化困境。其主因在于农村互助养老多层社会资本失调,主要体现为微观社会信任缺失、中观社会网络功能失衡以及宏观制度环境脱嵌。为此,需结合农村互助养老组织化实践差异进行因地制宜的社会资本培育,促进社会资本积累及再生产,继而推动农村互助养老的有效组织化。

The key issue of rural mutual-aid for the aged is how to organize social resources and social relations in a specific area as much as possible,allocate their resources and relationships,and promote the continuous and effective supply of mutual-aid for the aged service.By social mobilization and co-production of multiple subjects,the process of organization finally constructs an operation order of rural mutual-aid for the aged.In the light of our field work,we argue that the organization of rural mutual endowment has such forms:self-organization,other organization,and collaborative organization.Rural mutual-aid for the aged has the organizational dilemma of“low organization”and“quasi-organization”.The main reason is the imbalance of social capital in rural mutual-aid for the aged,which is mainly reflected in the lack of social trust,the imbalance of social network functions and the disembedded of institutional environment.To promote the effective organization of rural mutual-aid for the aged,it is necessary to cultivate social capital according to local conditions in combination with the differences in the practice of rural mutual aid elderly care organization,and promote the accumulation and reproduction of social capital.