北京市部分城区听力残疾患者的年龄分布特征及病因分析

Distribution of Age and Etiology of Patients with Hearing Disability in Some Urban Areas of Beijing

目的通过对近年来北京市部分城区参加听力残疾评定人群在不同年龄段、致病因素的分析,为地区听力残疾政策制定及听力残疾人群各项保障提供依据。方法对2019年1月~2023年1月北京市朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区和西城区部分参加听力残疾评定患者进行回顾性分析,主要分析患者年龄分布及不同年龄段的病因分布特征。结果在入组的1339例听力残疾患者中(平均年龄64.18±20.47岁,男性749例,女性590例。),其中0~6岁组68例(5.08%)、7~17岁组23例(1.72%)、18~59岁组290例(21.65%)、≥60岁组958例(71.55%)。对各年龄组的致病原因分析显示,0~6岁组的首位病因为遗传因素(44.12%),7~17岁组的首位病因为原因不明(43.48%),18~59岁组的首位病因为其它原因(25.52%),60岁及以上组的首位病因为老年性耳聋(55.11%)。结论北京部分城区参加听力评残的人群中以成年人居多(尤其是老年人),学龄前儿童也占有一定比例。不同年龄组听力残疾患者的病因分布有所不同。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the distribution of age and etiology of hearing disability in patients from some urban areas of Beijing who participated the disability assessment,which will provide evidence for making the regional management strategies for individuals with hearing disability.Methods Patients with hearing disability who participated the disability assessment during January 2019 to January 2023 from the Beijing urban areas of Chaoyang,Haidian,Fengtai,and Xicheng districts were retrospectively recruited.The characteristics of the distribution of age and etiologies of hearing disability were analyzed.Results The mean age of 1339 recruited patients with hearing disability(mean age:64.18±20.47 years old,749 males and 590 females.),68(5.08%),23(1.72%),290(21.65%),and 958(71.55%)patients were in 0-6 years group,7-17 years group,18-59 years group,and≥60 years group,respectively.The analysis of etiologies the patients showed that the dominant etiology of 0-6 years group,7-17 years group,18-59 years group,and≥60 years group was hereditary factor(44.12%),unknown etiology(43.48%),other causes(25.52%),and presbycusis(55.11%),respectively.Conclusion The dominant patients with hearing disability from some urban areas of Beijing who participated disability assessment were adults(particularly elderly individuals),and a substantial number of patients were preschool children.The distribution of etiology for hearing disability varied in different age groups.