转化医学在耳科领域中的应用

Application of Translational Medicine to the Field of Otology

转化医学是生物—心理—社会医学模式下打破传统藩篱的重要概念,主张以患者为中心,强调多学科合作,其核心是将医学生物学基础研究成果转化为临床实践中应用的理论、技术、方法和药物,实现基础研究和临床研究间的双向转化,提高医疗总体水平。听力障碍是人类常见的残疾之一。本文就转化医学在耳科领域中的应用进行文献综述,介绍了人工耳蜗改进、耳聋基因检测与治疗、内耳药物治疗及药物递送技术、成人听力康复技术,总结现有研究成果、不足及未来方向,对于耳科及听觉科学中基础研究与临床应用的相互转化,下一步发展临床可用的各种类型听力损失的干预和康复技术具有重要意义。

Translational medicine is an important concept in the bio-psycho-social medicine model that breaks the traditional barriers,advocates patient-centeredness and emphasizes multidisciplinary cooperation.Its core is to translate the results of basic research in medical biology into theories,technologies,methods and drugs that can be applied in clinical practice,to achieve a two-way translation between basic and clinical research,and to improve the overall level of medical treatment.Hearing impairment is one of the most common human disabilities.In this paper,we present a literature review on the application of translational medicine in the field of otology,and introduce cochlear implant improvement,gene therapy for deafness,inner ear drug therapy and delivery techniques,unilateral hearing loss intervention,and hearing rehabilitation techniques for adults.We summarize existing research results,shortcomings,and future directions,which is of great significance to the next development for clinically available intervention and rehabilitation techniques for various types of hearing loss.