十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量对从业人员健康的影响

Impact of indoor air quality on the health of practitioners in barber shops and beauty salons in Shiyan city,Hubei Province,China

目的评估十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量(indoor air quality,IAQ)水平,探究其与从业人员健康状况间的关联。方法2019—2021年在十堰市抽取理发及美容场所开展室内空气质量监测,收集从业人员健康信息,采用多元Logistic回归分析室内空气质量与从业人员自报健康症状间的关联。结果共收集5轮次场所室内空气质量和212人次从业人员健康数据。室内空气中氨、甲醛及PM_(2.5)存在超标情况,从业人员眼部、呼吸系统及皮肤症状自报率分别为22.2%、20.2%及16.5%。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,空气中氨的暴露浓度越高,从业人员出现眼部症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值为5.83(1.11,36.98);甲醛、氨及PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,出现呼吸系统症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值分别为4.73(1.08,23.38)、5.60(1.46,24.77)及4.51(1.15,20.56);甲醛、氨及PM_(2.5)暴露浓度越高,出现皮肤症状的风险越高,OR(95%CI)值分别为6.08(1.03,41.71)、5.82(1.16,36.35)及7.13(1.41,47.59)。此外,室内温度较低、年龄较小和每日工作超8 h也是影响从业人员健康状况的危险因素。结论十堰市理发及美容场所室内空气质量对从业人员存在健康风险,特别应重视超标污染物的潜在危害;此外,场所室内温度和每日工作时长等因素所致潜在健康隐患亦不容忽视。

Objective To assess the indoor air quality(indoor air quality,IAQ)of barber shops and beauty salons in Shiyan city,Hubei Province,China,and to investigate the association between IAQ and the health status of practitioners.Methods Indoor air quality monitoring was performed in barber shops and beauty salons where were randomly selected in Shiyan city in 2019—2021,while the health information of practitioners was collected.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between IAQ and self-reported health symptoms of practitioners.Results IAQ data were collected for 5 rounds and health data were collected from 212 practitioners.Unqualified concentrations of ammonia,formaldehyde,and PM_(2.5) were observed in indoor air,and the rates of self-reported eyes,respiratory,and skin symptoms were 22.2%,20.2%,and 16.5%,respectively,among the practitioners.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the exposure concentration of ammonia in the air,the higher the risk of eyes symptoms in practitioners(odds ratio[OR]=5.83,95% confidence interval[CI]:1.11-36.98);the higher the exposure concentrations of formaldehyde,ammonia and PM_(2.5),the higher the risk of respiratory symptoms[OR(95%CI)values were 4.73(1.08,23.38),5.60(1.46,24.77)and 4.51(1.15,20.56),respectively],and the higher the risk of skin symptoms[OR(95%CI)values were 6.08(1.03,41.71),5.82(1.16,36.35)and 7.13(1.41,47.59),respectively].In addition,low indoor temperature,young age,and daily working for more than 8 hours were also risk factors for the health status of practitioners.Conclusion IAQ of barber shops and beauty salons in Shiyan city poses certain health risks to practitioners,and special attention should be paid to the potential hazard of air pollutants exceeding the standards.Moreover,the potential health risks due to indoor temperature and daily working hours cannot be ignored.