养老机构失能老人自立行为影响因素的质性研究

Influencing factors of self-reliance behaviors of disabled older adults in nursing homes:a qualitative research

目的 探讨影响养老机构失能老人自立行为的因素,为制订自立提升策略提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样选取养老机构的9名失能老人和12名工作人员进行半结构式深入访谈,采用内容分析法分析资料。结果 归纳出4个主题和7个子主题:个人特质(促进、阻碍自立行为的特质),认知偏差(照护服务即“伺候”、照护者即“保姆或佣人”),益处感知(增强身心功能、获得积极心理体验、获得护理员的关心),自我效能感。结论 养老机构失能老人的自立行为受到多种因素影响,可通过纠正老人的认知偏差、引导其及早发现自立行为的益处、培养自立习惯提升自我效能感,调动失能老人自立的积极性。

Objective To explore factors influencing self-reliance behaviors of disabled older adults in nursing homes,and to provide a basis for formulating self-reliance promotion strategies.Methods A total of 9 disabled older adults and 12 staff members from nursing homes were selected for semi-structured in-depth interviews using purposive sampling method.Content analysis was performed for interview data.Results Four themes and seven sub-themes were identified,including personal traits(traits that promote or hinder self-reliant behaviors),cognitive biases(viewing caregiving as a servant job,viewing caregivers as sitters or maids),perceived benefits(having enhanced physical and psychological functioning,attaining positive psychological experience,winning caregiver′s concern),and self-efficacy.Conclusion Many factors can affect self-reliance behaviors of disabled older adults in nursing homes.Nursing staff can improve older adults′sense of self-efficacy by correcting their cognitive bias,guiding them to discover the benefits of self-reliance as early as possible,and by forging self-reliance habits,in an effort to mobilize their enthusiasm for self-reliance.