李商隐诗文被称“西昆体”之解读

An Interpretation of Li Shangyin s Poetry and Prose Known as“Xikun Style”

自宋代开始,学者将李商隐诗文称为“西昆体”,其中蕴含着突出的感情变化。最早持此说者惠洪对李商隐诗歌深恶痛绝,不过百年之后的元好问虽然使用同样的称谓,却表现出对李商隐诗歌的由衷赞美。由明至清,随着钱谦益虞山诗派的兴起,李商隐受到更多的重视,当学者使用“西昆体”指代其诗时,常常带有褒美的意味。“西昆体”最初指北宋前期杨亿、刘筠、钱惟演等人为代表的诗歌风尚,用以指代李商隐诗文是其内涵不断演变和扩大的结果,其路径可概括为从杨刘诗到其文、从杨刘诗到李商隐诗和从李商隐诗到其文三种。李商隐诗文被称为“西昆体”,其原因不一而足,或者是因为误解,或者是因为连类而及,或者属于故意使用借代修辞。

Since the Song Dynasty,Li Shangyin s poetry and prose have been known as“Xikun Style”which carried obvious emotional changes of scholars.Hui Hong,firstly expressed this strong aversion to Li s poetry;however,a hundred years later Yuan Haowen sincerely praised Li s poetry with the same term.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,more attention was paid to Li as Yushan School of poetry led by Qian Qianyi rose.More often then not,scholars used“Xikun style”to refer to Li s poetry with praise implied.“Xikun Style”originally refers to the poetry style represented by Yang Yi,Liu Yun,and Qian Weiyan in the early Northern Song Dynasty,and its referring to Li Shangyin s poetry is a result of the continuous evolution and expansion of its connotation.The paths of its evolution can be classified into three kinds:from Yang and Liu s poetry to their own prose,from Yang and Liu s poetry to Li s poetry,and from Li s poetry to his prose.There are more than one plausible explanation for Li s poetry and prose being called“Xikun Style”,including misunderstanding,sharing similarities so as to extend to a more inclusive scope,or intentionally using metonymy.