小农体系、渐进城镇化与中国式现代化的实践

Small peasant system,gradual urbanization and the practice mechanism of Chinese path to modernization

中国式现代化是人口规模巨大国家的现代化,也是追求全体人民共同富裕的现代化,建立在小农体系基础之上,具有中国特色的“渐进城镇化”秩序是中国式现代化的体现领域之一,也即当前农民在城乡之间双向流动的城镇化恰恰是中国城镇化的制度优势,而非独特的中国问题。自改革开放以来,我国在快速推进工业化、城镇化的同时,不断调整完善城乡关系,形成了以小农户为主体的、有制度保障的小农体系,其最新体现就是乡村振兴战略及其配套的《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》。小农体系的稳定深刻影响了农民流动的逻辑,形成中国特色的“渐进城镇化”秩序,表现为诸多具有过渡性特征的机制:农民家庭收入的“半工半耕”、居住格局的“城乡双栖”和身份认同的“亦城亦乡”。从实践来看,特别需要警惕政府主导推动的激进城镇化,通过资本下乡和土地流转人为地加速推动农民进城,消解小农体系。

Chinese path to modernization is the modernization of a country with a huge population and the modernization of pursuing common prosperity for all people,which is fully reflected in the gradual urbanization order with Chinese characteristics based on the small farmer system.Since the reform and opening up,China′s industrialization and urbanization have been rapidly advancing,and the relationship between urban and rural areas has been constantly adjusted,forming a smallholder system with small farmers as the main body and institutional guarantee,the latest embodiment of which is the rural revitalization strategy and its supporting Rural Revitalization Promotion Law.The stability of the smallholder system has a profound impact on the logic of farmers′flow,forming a"gradual urbanization"order with Chinese characteristics,which is manifested in many mechanisms with transitional characteristics:"half work and half farming"of farmers′family income,"urban and rural dual habitat"of living pattern,and"both urban and rural"of identity.From a practical point of view,it is particularly necessary to be vigilant about the radical urbanization driven by the government,which artificially accelerates farmers′entry into cities through capital going to the countryside and land transfer,and dissolves the smallholder system.