战时马克思主义史家的学术转向与论争——以《中苏文化》为考察对象

The Academic Turn and Controversy of Marxist Historians in Wartime as Exemplified by Sino-Soviet Culture

抗战时期以《中苏文化》为中心的马克思主义学人群体,在皖南事变后,学术研究出现明显的转向。皖南事变前,郭沫若、翦伯赞、侯外庐等马派史家,以古喻今,参与学术论争,发表激烈政见,著述内容偏重革命性;皖南事变后,国民政府实施了文化高压政策,迫使马派史家的研究撰述向学术性转变。由此,史学研究开启了一个新的高潮期,扭转了此前盲目套用、牵强比附的局面,走出了一条既不为古人所役,也不为欧美所使的学术中国化之路。

Throughout the period of the war of resistance against Japan,the academic studies of the Marxist scholars centered on the Sino-Soviet Culture magazine take an obvious shift.Before the Southern Anhui Incident,Guo Moruo,Jian Bozan,Hou Wailu and many other Marxist historians used historical research to compare the past to the present,and then participated in academic debates and expressed fierce political opinions.After the Southern Anhui Incident,the short-term cultural terror caused by the Nationalist Government forced the writings of Marxist historians to change from revolutionary to academic,and began relatively pure academic research.In the research concepts and academic debates,they also reversed the previous theoretical application,which was far-fetched and biased.They opened a Chinese academic road that was neither enslaved by the predecessors nor used by Europe and the United States.