“拍弹”与宋人“长短句依拍弹音而成”说考论

The Textual Research to“Paidan”and the Saying of“Long and Short Sentences are Formed According to Paidan”by People of Song Dynasty

唐宋文献频繁提及“拍弹”,其中“弹”有其特指含义,不宜写作“但”“担”“旦”“耽”等字。“拍弹”可从两个向度理解:一是“拍”,指的是曲拍;一是“弹”,指的是弹舌音,弹摇舌部以引声。于曲拍处助以“哩”“啰”等弹舌音即为拍弹。长短句初起时,仅依曲拍而节,至于咸通年间,始有李可及于曲拍处啭喉为“拍弹”之声,后人效之而成体例,宋人因之误以为长短句肇于“拍弹”。

Literature in Tang and Song Dynasties frequently mentions“Paidan(拍弹)”,in which“dan(弹)”has a specific meaning,and it is not suitable to be written as“dan(但)”,“dan(担)”,“dan(旦)”,“dan(耽)”.“Paidan”can be understood from two dimensions:one is“pai”,which refers to musical beats;and the other is“dan”,which refers to the sound of the tongue which is used to shake the tongue to receive sound.At the beat of the song,playing the tongue sounds such as“ri”or“ro”is“Paidan”.At the beginning,long and short sentences were only segmented according to the melody.During the reign of Xiantong,Li Keji began to turn his throat at the melody and use the sound of“Paidan”.Later generations followed this style,and Song people mistakenly believed that long and short sentences originated from“Paidan”.