互花米草定植的养殖尾水处理人工湿地中古菌群落的组成与分布

Composition and distribution of archaea community in constructed wetland for treatment of mariculture wastewater by Spartina alterniflora Loisel

为探究凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水处理过程中互花米草湿地的净化效果和沉积物古菌群落的组成与分布,基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术,从沉积物环境因子、古菌群落结构和多样性、环境因子与古菌群落间的相互关系进行分析.结果表明:互花米草人工湿地深层沉积物的古菌群落多样性显著高于表层和根际沉积物;门水平上,互花米草人工湿地优势古菌为泉古菌门、广古菌门和奇古菌门;纲水平上,优势古菌为深古菌纲、甲烷微菌纲和热源体纲;目水平上,互花米草人工湿地中含3种氨氧化古菌和7种产甲烷古菌.非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明,互花米草根际沉积物与深层沉积物古菌群落差异显著(P<0.05),与表层更为相似.冗余分析(RDA)及Mantel检验表明,影响古菌群落的主要环境因子包括pH、铵氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总有机碳(TOC)和总磷(TP).相关性热图表明奇古菌门和其中的亚硝基菌纲与环境因子的相关性最强.氨氧化古菌群落与pH、NH_(4)^(+)-N、总氮(TN)和TP呈显著相关(P<0.01),产甲烷古菌与环境因子则无显著相关性.人工种植互花米草能够有效改善湿地环境,可为养殖尾水的湿地净化提供理论和实践依据.

The constructed wetland,which planted with Spartina alterniflora Loisel,was used to treat the tail water of litopenaeus vannamei culture.In order to elucidate the composition and distribution of archaea community in wetland sediments and the impact of the rhizosphere,the environmental factors,community structure,diversity of archaea,and their relationship were analyzed in the present study.The results showed that the diversity of archaeal community in the deep sediments was significantly higher than that of surface and rhizosphere sediments.At the phylum level,the dominant archaea were Crenarchaeota,Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota.At the class level,the dominant archaea include Bathyarchaeia,Methanomicrobia and Thermoplasmata.Three kinds of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and seven kinds of methanogenic archaea were found in the constructed wetland at the order level.Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis showed that the archaeal community in the rhizosphere sediments was significantly(P<0.05)different from the deep sediments,but similar with the surface layers.Redundancy analysis(RDA)and Mantel test showed that the main environmental factors affecting the archaeal community included pH,ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),total organic carbon(TOC)and total phosphorus(TP).The ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)were significantly and positively correlated with pH,NH_(4)^(+),total nitrogen(TN)and TP(P<0.01).The above results showed that artificial planting of Spartina alterniflora Loisel had changed the archaeal community of wetland sediments and was important for the treatment of mariculture tailwater.