某铁路局高铁司机健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis of Health Literacy Level and Influencing Factors of High-speed Railway Drivers in a Railway Bureau

目的了解高铁司机健康素养水平现状,分析其影响因素。方法于2021年5月,采用整群抽样方法对某铁路局全体在岗高铁司机的一般人口学特征、健康素养3个方面和6类健康问题进行问卷调查,分析高铁司机健康素养水平及其影响因素。结果某铁路局高铁司机年龄以40~49岁为主(38.30%),文化程度以大学专科为主(54.24%),工龄以20~29年为主(36.98%);某铁路局高铁司机健康素养具备率为15.93%,3个方面健康素养水平最高的为基本知识和健康理念(32.58%),6类健康问题素养具备率最高为科学健康观(66.29%),最低为基本医疗(3.27%);单因素分析显示,不同文化程度、工龄、健康状况的高铁司机健康素养水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,工龄、文化程度和健康状况是高铁司机健康素养的影响因素。结论高铁司机健康素养水平偏低,应重点针对工龄短、文化程度较低、身体健康状况较差的高铁司机,加大力度开展健康教育和健康促进工作,提高高铁司机健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the status of health literacy level of high-speed railway drivers and analyze its influencing factors.Methods In May 2021,a questionnaire survey was conducted on the general demographic characteristics,three aspects of health literacy and six types of health problems of all on-the-job high-speed railway drivers in a railway bureau by cluster sampling method,and the health literacy level and its influencing factors of high-speed railway drivers were analyzed.Results The age of high-speed railway drivers in a railway bureau was mainly 40-49 years old(38.30%),the education level was mainly college(54.24%),and the length of service was mainly 20-29 years(36.98%).The health literacy rate of high-speed rail drivers in a railway bureau was 15.93%.The highest level of health literacy in three aspects was basic knowledge and health concept(32.58%).The highest level of health literacy in six types of health problems was scientific health concept(66.29%),and the lowest was basic medical care(3.27%).Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the health literacy level of high-speed railway drivers with different education levels,working years and health status(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that length of service,education level and health status were the influencing factors of health literacy of high-speed railway drivers.Conclusion The health literacy level of high-speed railway drivers is low.It is necessary to focus on high-speed railway drivers with short service length,low education level and poor physical health,and strengthen health education and health promotion to improve the health literacy level of high-speed railway drivers.