肝硬化失代偿期患者的护理研究进展

Research progress in nursing care of patients with decompensated cirrhosis

肝硬化是临床上常见的慢性肝病,可累及多个器官,除了肝脏,包括肾脏、心脏、肺、肠道和大脑。肝硬化可分为两个广泛的阶段,肝硬化的第一阶段,患者尚未出现该疾病的并发症,称为肝硬化代偿期;第二阶段主要因门静脉高压或肝衰竭而出现的一系列的并发症,被称为失代偿性肝硬化。患者出现一些并发症后,导致住院率和死亡率递增。对肝硬化患者出现的并发症进行有效管理,在临床对患者病情严重程度评估下并提供相应护理干预。因此,护理人员在肝硬化失代偿并发症的管理中发挥着重要作用,包括肝硬化失代偿患者的生活、饮食、心理等方面的护理干预,可取得更显著的临床效果,除了能消除患者负面情绪,恢复肝功能及改善治疗依从性,还有利于降低并发症的发生率,提高患者的生活质量和护理满意度,建立良好的医患关系等方面有重要意义。

Cirrhosis is a common chronic liver disease in clinic,which can involve multiple organs,including kidney,heart,lung,intestine and brain,in addition to liver.Liver cirrhosis can be divided into two broad stages.The first stage of liver cirrhosis,in which the patient has not yet experienced complications of the disease,is called the compensatory stage of liver cirrhosis;The second stage is mainly due to portal hypertension or liver failure and a series of complications,known as decompensated cirrhosis.After some complications occurred,the hospitalization rate and mortality rate increased.Nurses play an important role in the management of decompensated complications of liver cirrhosis,effectively manage the complications of liver cirrhosis patients,and provide corresponding nursing intervention under the clinical evaluation of the severity of patients'conditions.Therefore,nursing intervention in life,diet,psychology and other aspects of decompensated patients with liver cirrhosis can achieve more significant clinical effects.In addition to eliminating patients'negative emotions,restoring liver function and improving treatment compliance,it is also conducive to reducing the incidence of complications,improving patients'quality of life and nursing satisfaction,and establishing a good doctor-patient relationship.