镜泊湖世界地质公园火山口地下森林苔藓植物多样性

Bryophyte Diversity of Underground Forests in Craters of Jingpohu Global Geopark

为探究镜泊湖世界地质公园火山口地下森林苔藓植物多样性,采用典型调查法开展野外调查,共采集苔藓植物标本3622份,采用形态解剖学方法鉴定物种,结果表明:共记录苔藓植物53科126属292种,其中苔类植物14科17属31种,藓类植物39科109属261种。4个火山口苔藓植物种数由多至少为Ⅳ(192种)、Ⅰ(126种)、Ⅲ(113种)和Ⅱ(61种)。优势科有青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)、提灯藓科(Mniaceae)、丛藓科(Pottiaceae)等,占总种数的42.12%;优势属有青藓属(Brachythecium)、绢藓属(Entodon)、匐灯藓属(Plagiomnium)等,占总种数的18.49%;优势种有金灰藓(Pylaisia polyantha)、短叶毛锦藓(Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae)、广叶绢藓(Entodon flavescens)等。4个火山口苔藓植物共有种为20种,Ⅳ号独有种最多(88种),多样性支持“中度干扰假说”。镜泊湖火山与五大连池火山苔藓植物相似性高(20.42%),说明地形对多样性的贡献较大。垂直海拔最高的Ⅰ号火山口苔藓植物α多样性呈中峰格局,支持“中间高度膨胀”理论,建议对苔藓植物最丰富的中部海拔段给予优先保护。本研究表明镜泊湖火山口地下森林现存较丰富的苔藓植物种类,在我国火山生态系统中占重要地位,建议对此处苔藓植物给予重点保护,以保存基因资源。本研究结果提供了第一手基础本底资料,具有重要的科学意义。

To explore the bryophyte diversity of underground forests in craters of Jingpohu Global Geopark,the typical investigation method was used,and a total of 3622 bryophyte specimens were collected,and morphological and anatomical methods were used to identify the specimens.The results showed that,292species(126 genera and 53 families)were recorded,31 species(17 genera and 14 families)were liverworts,261 species(109 genera and 39 families)were mosses.The number of bryophyte species of four craters was 192 species inⅣ,126 species inⅠ,113 species inⅢ,and 61 species inⅡ,respectively.The dominant families were Brachytheciaceae,Mniaceae,Pottiaceae,etc.,accounting for 42.12%of the total species,and the dominant genera were Brachythecium,Entodon,Plagiomnium,etc.,accounting for 18.49%of the total species,and the dominant species were Pylaisia polyantha,Pylaisiadelpha yokohamae,Entodon flavescens,respectively.There were 20 common species of bryophytes in four craters,and the unique species in theⅣcrater was the most(88 species).The diversity of the‘moderate interference hypothesis'was supported,and the similarity of bryophytes between Jingpo Lake crater and Wudalianchi volcanos was high(20.42%),which revealed that the terrain contributes greatly to the diversity.The alpha diversity of bryophytes in the craterⅠexhibited a mid-peak pattern,which was in line with the‘Mid-elevation bulge'theory,priority should be given to the central elevation where the bryophytes were the most abundant.The study showed that the underground forests in Jingpohu Global Geopark craters preserved high bryophyte diversity and played an important role in the volcanic ecosystem of China,and a key protection should be given to bryophytes in this volcanic geological wonder to preserve genetic resources,and the results provided first-hand basic information and important scientific significance.