L-肉碱在反刍动物体内的合成代谢及其在生产中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Anabolism of L-carnitine in Ruminants and Its Application in Production

L-肉碱是一种广泛存在于动物界的类维生素季铵盐化合物,以赖氨酸为底物在动物体的肝脏和肌肉中内源性合成。长期以来,L-肉碱不仅被认为在能量代谢方面发挥着重要作用,还被证明具有抑制氧化损伤和增强机体免疫力等功能。因此,国内外开展了大量关于补充L-肉碱在改善家畜性能方面的研究,但大多数研究集中在猪、鸡等单胃动物,对反刍动物研究较少。与单胃动物不同,反刍动物特殊的瘤胃生理环境以及瘤胃微生物对L-肉碱的降解在一定程度上影响了L-肉碱在反刍动物中的应用效果。本文简述了L-肉碱的生理特性及其在反刍动物体内的合成与代谢,并补充了L-肉碱对反刍动物生产性能的影响,以期为L-肉碱在反刍动物中的应用提供理论依据。

L-carnitine is a vitamin-like quaternary ammonium compound that exists widely in the animal,and can be endogenously synthesized in animal liver and muscle with lysine as substrates.L-carnitine has long been known to play a critical role for energy metabolism,and has been shown to have functions in the inhibition of oxidative damage and enhancement of body immunity.Due to this,a large number of studies have been carried out to investigate the potential of supplemental carnitine in improving performance of livestock animals.However,most of the studies focused on monogastric mammals such as pigs and poultry,and there were few studies on ruminants.In contrast to monogastric mammals,the special physiological environment of the rumen and the degradation of L-carnitine by ruminal microorganisms affect the efficacy of supplemental L-carnitine in ruminants to a certain extent.In the current paper,the physiological characteristics,synthesis and metabolism of L-carnitine in ruminants and the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on the performance of ruminants were reviewed to provide a theoretical reference for the application of L-carnitine in ruminants.