采收时间对决明子芽菜农艺性状及药用成分的影响

Effects of harvesting time on agronomic characters and medicinal components in the seed sprouts of Cassia obtusifoia L.

为了更好地利用决明子种质资源,提高决明子经济效益,探讨采收时间与决明子芽菜农艺性状和药用成分的关系,以决明子为试验材料,采用芽菜机培养、超声波浸提法,研究不同采收时间(2、4、6、8、10 d)对决明子芽菜农艺性状和药用成分黄酮、大黄素及多糖含量的影响,以确定决明子芽菜的最佳采收时间。结果表明,随着生长时间的延长,决明子芽菜单株质量、根长、胚轴长和子叶长,整盘鲜质量和产出比均逐渐增加,其中,整盘鲜质量、含水率和产出比以8 d和10 d采收时相对较高,且两者之间无差异,其产出比分别为7.82和7.92。决明子芽菜内大黄素、黄酮含量随着生长时间的延长均呈先下降后上升的趋势,黄酮含量以8、10 d达到较高水平,且差异不显著;大黄素含量以2、10 d采收时较高,其次为8 d采收,决明子芽菜内多糖含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,多糖含量以4 d采收时最高,10 d采收时最低。因此,综合考虑决明子芽菜产量和药用成分含量,以及经济效益最大化,8~10 d采收为决明子芽菜最佳采收期。

In order to make better use of germplasm resources of Cassia seed and improve its economic benefits,and to explore the relationship between harvesting time and agronomic characters and medicinal components of Cassia seed sprouts,using cassia seed as experimental material,sprout machine culture and ultrasonic extraction method were adopted.The effects of different harvesting time(2,4,6,8,10 d)on agronomic characters and contents of flavonoids,emodin and polysaccharide of cassia seed sprouts were studied to determine the best harvesting time.The results showed that with the extension of growth time,plant weight,root length,hypocotyl length and cotyledon length,fresh weight and yield ratio of the whole dish increased gradually.The fresh weight,water content and yield ratio of the whole dish were higher at 8 and 10 days,and there was no difference between the two,the yield ratio was 7.82 and 7.92,respectively.The contents of emodin and flavone in cassia seed sprouts decreased first and then increased with the extension of growth time,and the flavonoid content reached a higher level at 8 and 10 days with no significant difference.The emodin content was the highest at 2 and 10 days,followed by 8 days,and the polysaccharide content in cassia seed sprouts showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the polysaccharide content was the highest at 4 days.The lowest value was obtained at 10 d.Therefore,considering the yield and the content of medicinal components of cassia seed sprouts,maximized economic benefits,and the best harvest period was from 8 d to 10 d.