镇原县农村地区室内PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度及其影响因素

Indoor PM_(2.5). PM_(10) concentrations and their influencing factors in rural areas of Zhenyuang County

目的了解镇原县农村地区室内PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度水平及其影响因素。方法在2021年12月至2022年3月期间,随机抽取镇原县农村地区住户90户,利用手持式高精度PM_(2.5)速测仪(光散射法)对各户卧室、厨房及室外PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度进行监测,同时利用调查问卷收集厨灶类型、厨房类型、主要燃料等信息。结果该地区卧室内PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度分别为43.2μg/m 3、56.7μg/m 3;厨房做饭时间段、非做饭时间段的PM_(2.5)浓度分别为470.2μg/m 3、40.5μg/m 3,PM_(10)浓度分别为663.0μg/m 3、57.0μg/m 3;室外PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度分别为38.3μg/m 3、53.5μg/m 3。不同厨灶类型、不同厨房类型、不同燃料之间、不同的厨房使用年限及不同地形特征之间做饭时间段的PM_(2.5)浓度差异均具有统计学意义、非做饭时间段的PM_(2.5)浓度差异均具有统计学意义;不同厨灶类型、不同厨房类型、不同燃料之间、不同的厨房使用年限及不同地形特征之间做饭时间段的PM_(10)浓度差异均具有统计学意义、非做饭时间段的PM_(10)浓度差异均具有统计学意义。峁梁区与塬区之间卧室内PM_(2.5)浓度(Z=5.26,P<0.001)、PM_(10)浓度(Z=5.21,P<0.001)差异具有统计学意义;多因素线性回归结果发现不同厨灶类型、不同地形特征对厨房PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度的影响具有统计学意义。结论镇原县农村卧室内和厨房非做饭时间段PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度在国家环境空气质量标准范围内,厨房内做饭时间段PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度严重超标,且显著高于非做饭时间,厨灶类型是当地厨房内PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度的一个重要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the indoor PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentration levels and their influencing factors in rural areas of Zhenyuan County.Methods During the period from December 2021 to March 2022,90 households in rural areas of Zhenyuan County were randomly selected and monitored for PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations in their bedrooms,kitchens,and outdoor areas by using a handheld high-precision PM_(2.5) tachometer(light scattering method).At the same time,a survey questionnaire was used to collect information on kitchen stove types,kitchen types,and main fuels.Results The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in the bedrooms of this area were 43.2μg/m 3 and 56.7μg/m 3,respectively.The PM_(2.5) concentrations during cooking time and non-cooking time in the kitchen were 470.2μg/m 3 and 40.5μg/m 3.PM_(10)concentrations were 663.0μg/m 3 and 57.0μg/m 3.Outdoor PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations were 38.3μg/m 3 and 53.5μg/m 3.The differences in PM_(2.5) concentration between cooking time periods and non-cooking time periods were statistically significant for different types of stoves,kitchens,fuels,kitchen usage years,and terrain characteristics.The differences in PM_(10)concentration between cooking time periods and non-cooking time periods were statistically significant for different types of stoves,kitchens,fuels,kitchen usage years,and terrain features.There was a statistically significant difference in PM_(2.5) concentration(Z=5.26,P<0.001)and PM_(10)concentration(Z=5.21,P<0.001)in the bedroom between Maoliang District and Yuan District.The results of multivariate linear regression showed that different types of kitchen stoves and terrain characteristics had a statistically significant impact on the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)in kitchens.Conclusion The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in rural bedrooms and kitchens of Zhenyuan County during non-cooking hours are within the range of national environmental air quality standards.The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)in kitchens during cooking hours severely exceed the standard,significantly higher than those during non-cooking hours.The type of kitchen stove is an important influencing factor for PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)concentrations in local kitchens.