中等强度持续运动与膈肌吸气肌肉训练在支气管哮喘患者中的疗效比较

Comparison of therapeutic effects between moderate intensity continuous exercise and inspiratory muscle training of diaphragm in patients with bronchial asthma

目的比较中等强度持续运动(moderate-intensity continuous exercise,MCE)与膈肌吸气肌肉训练(inspiratory muscle training,IMT)对稳定期支气管哮喘患者肺功能、生活质量、运动能力、依从性的影响。方法2021年1月-6月招募60例确诊支气管哮喘至少6个月以上的患者,随机分为MCE组和IMT组,各30例。MCE组每周至少5次中等强度步行训练。IMT组被指导进行膈肌呼吸结合吸气阻力训练,每周5次。康复训练前后分别测定肺功能、哮喘控制问卷(asthma control questionnaire,ACQ)、哮喘生活质量问卷(asthma quality of life questionnaire,AQLQ)、6 min步行试验(6-minute walk test,6MWT)及依从性评分等。结果2组在康复训练后PEF,ACQ、AQLQ、6WMT步行距离较康复训练前均得到改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且康复训练后MCE组6WMT步行距离优于IMT组,依从性评分MCE组高于IMT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MCE与IMT康复训练均有助于支气管哮喘患者生活质量、运动能力的改善,但MCE在步行运动能力,依从性评分上更优,值得深入研究与推广。

Objective To compare the eff ects of moderate intensity continuous exercise(MCE)and diaphragm inspiratory muscle training(IMT)on lung function,quality of life,exercise capacity,and compliance in stable bronchial asthma patients.Methods From January to June 2021,60 patients with diagnosed bronchial asthma for at least 6 months were recruited and randomly divided into the MCE group(n=30)and the IMT group(n=30).The MCE group underwent at least 5 moderate intensity walking training exercises per week.The IMT group was instructed to perform diaphragmatic breathing combined with inspiratory resistance training,5 times a week.Pulmonary function,asthma control questionnaire(ACQ),asthma quality of life questionnaire(AQLQ),6-minute walk test(6MWT),and compliance score of both groups were measured before and after rehabilitation training separately.Results The PEF,ACQ scores,AQLQ scores,and 6MWT walking distance in 2 group were improved after the rehabilitation training compared with before the rehabilitation training(P<0.05),and the 6MWT walking distance in the MCE group was better than that in the IMT group after the rehabilitation training.The compliance score of MCE group was higher than that of the IMT group(P<0.05).Conclusion Both the MCE group and IMT group rehabilitation training can help improve the quality of life and exercise ability of patients with bronchial asthma,but the MCE group is better in walking exercise ability and compliance scores,which is worthy of further research and promotion.