北宋杭州诗僧群及其诗歌创作考论

A Study on the Group of Monk Poets in Hangzhou and Their Poetry in the Northern Song

北宋时期,杭州出现了大量诗僧,其中有诗文集、笔记、杂著等著作的僧人,可考者就有十余人之多。这种现象的发生,有三个方面的因素:一是北宋杭州禅宗、天台宗十分兴盛;二是北宋杭州居士禅发达,僧人与士大夫常以诗歌唱酬往来;三是北宋时期佛教本身理论色彩淡退。这些杭州诗僧在审美趋向上,标举“雅正”的诗歌观念;在创作内容上,突破了幽居、山林、唱和等传统僧诗题材;在艺术上,注重辞藻和文采,讲求炼字和炼句。他们的诗歌创作,生动呈现出中唐—北宋这一时期禅宗向“审美的诗禅”发展的一个侧面。

During the Northern Song,there appeared a large number of monk poets in Hangzhou.Among them,more than ten have left poetry collections,notes,miscellaneous works and other works that can be verified.This phenomenon is caused by three factors.First,Zen and Tiantai Sect were very prosperous in Hangzhou in the Northern Song;Second,at that time,lay Zen in Hangzhou flourished,and monks and scholar-officials often exchanged poems;Third,the theoretical color of Buddhism itself faded in the Northern Song.In terms of aesthetic inclination,these monk poets hold up the concept of“elegance and uprightness”.In terms of contents,they broke through traditional themes of monk poetry such as seclusion,mountain forest and responding to others.In terms of artistry,they paid attention to diction and rhetoric,and stressed refining words and sentences.Their poetry creation vividly presents one aspect of the development of Zen towards“aesthetic Zen poetry”in the middle Tang dynasty and the Northern Song dynasty.