精神分析视野下的“游戏说”

On Game Theory from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis

温尼科特在人本主义和经验主义的基础上,提出了精神分析版本的游戏说。他认为,游戏与艺术完美地沟通了个人与世界,开辟了一个理想的空间,对于维护个人人格完整和心理健康发挥了重要作用。温尼科特不支持席勒的无功利主义思想,认为艺术与现实之间存在着连续性。相比之下,他与伽达默尔有着更多的契合,比如游戏的本质是与他人共戏,艺术的真理是导向一种共同体伦理,等等。不同的是,他的艺术观更加开放,既没有划定艺术与现实的界限,也没有划分艺术的层次,为生活艺术提供了理论支撑。

Based on humanism and empiricism,Winnicott puts forward a game theory from the psychoanalytical perspective.He believes that the game and art perfectly communicate the individual and the world,and open up an ideal space,thus playing an important role in the integrity of individual personality and mental health.Winnicott doesn t support Schiller's non-utilitarianism and believes there is a continuity between art and reality.In contrast,he has more agreements with Gadamer:the essence of the game is to play with others,the truth of art is to lead to community ethics,and so on.But he differs from Gadamer in that his view of art is more open,neither delimiting the boundary between art and reality nor dividing the levels of art,which provides theoretical support for the art of living.