朱熹对儒家朋友之道的理学诠释

Zhu Xis Neo-confucianism Interpretation of Confucian Friendship

在宋代特殊的历史背景下,朱熹对儒家的朋友之道进行了诠释,将朋友关系拉回到五伦体系之中.朋友关系和其他人伦关系一样,均是天理之义,是天叙的存在秩序,具有普遍必然性的特点,且在五伦中占有重要地位,是五伦的基石.通过对诚、忠等概念的辨析,朱熹详细地阐释了朋友间相处的“信”这一道德规范,并分析了朋友之间为何要以“信”为交往的准则.朱熹重视朋友相处在人格完善上的重要意义,将其视为变化气质、圣贤人格养成的重要途径.孔孟所确立的朋友之道在朱熹的诠释之下,具有了成熟而完备的理论形态.

Under the special historical background of the Song Dynasty,Zhu Xi explained the Confucian friendship:and pulled friendship back to the Wulun(Five Ethics)system.F riendship,like other human relationships,is the righteousness of heaven,the order of existence of the heavenly narrative,characterized by universal necessity,and oc-cupies an important position among the five ethics,being the cornerstone of the five ethics.Through the analysis of the concepts of sincerity and loyalty,Zhu Xi clearly explained the moral code of"Credit"between friends,and ana-lyzed why friends should take"Credit"as the criterion of communication.Zhu Xi attached great importance to the im-portance of getting along with friends in the perfection of personality,and regarded it as an important way to change temperament and cultivate sage personality.Under the interpretation of Zhu Xi,the Confucian friendship has a mature and complete theoretical form.