网络民粹主义的传播研究——基于话语分析的视角

A Communication Study on the Internet Populism by Discourse Analysis——By a Method of Discourse Analysis

作为一种话语的网络民粹主义,其传播过程包含着认知、价值、调节、实践四种维度。从话语的认知维度来看,网络民粹主义秉持着一种二元论的认知图式,在多种不同的意义上使用“民”的概念;从话语的价值维度来看,网络民粹主义以“平等”为基本价值取向,其背后是社会贫富差距拉大的现实背景和阶层认同下移导致的“普遍弱者”心态;从话语的调节维度来看,网络民粹主义的话语空间呈现出中心控制下的圈层化和高度的场景依赖性两大特征;从话语的实践维度来看,网络民粹主义的话语行动模式显示出鲜明的排他性特征,阻碍了公共政策对真实民意的有效吸纳。对网络民粹主义传播现象进行话语分析,有助于更加深入地理解网络民粹主义的中国实践,为有效应对其负面影响提供依据。

As a discourse,online populism spread from four dimensions:cognition,value,regulation,and practice.From the cognitive dimension,Internet populism holds a dualistic pattern using the concept of"people"in many different ways.From the value dimension,Internet populism takes"equality"as its essential ethical principle.Underneath it is the realistic background of the widening gap between the rich and the poor and the common psychological inferiority caused by the downward shift of social class identification.From the regulation dimension,the discourse space of online populism shows two characteristics:the stratification under the central control and the high degree of media scene dependence.From the practice dimension,the discourse shows distinct exclusiveness,which hinders the effective buying in real public opinion by public policy.Discourse analysis helps us understand the Chinese online populism more deeply and provides a basis for effectively shedding its negative influence.