双重文化作用下旧金山唐人街建筑风貌演化研究

Architectural Style Evolution of Chinatown in San Francisco Under the Dual Cultural Influence

旧金山唐人街独特的街区风貌受到中美两国文化、历史及社会体制的双重影响。该文通过实地调研、中英文文献收集、空间分析,对其风貌演化的动因进行诠释。在研究过程中力图从城市总体层面、建筑群层面、微层市井层面三个尺度解析旧金山唐人街街区风貌的变化及其背后的推动力。期望以此探讨历史、文化、政治体系与建筑形式风格如何相互影响。研究表明:如今旧金山唐人街风貌形成过程、街区范围深受20世纪初世界政治格局、中美多方条例及中美关系影响;街区建筑风格受到东西方文化影响;传统建筑深受闽南地区建筑风格影响;新式建筑更多以现代主义建筑风格为主。影响旧金山唐人街风貌演变的主要因素中,淘金热、地震、中国传统建筑风格、对华移民政策是唐人街空间特征形成的内在机制。

The unique neighborhood style of Chinatown in San Francisco is influenced by the culture,history and social system of China and the United States.Through field research,Chinese and English literature collection,and spatial analysis,we interpret the motives for the evolution of its style.In the research process,we try to analyze the changes in the style of Chinatown in San Francisco and the driving force behind it from three scales:the overall city level,the building group level,and the street level.It is expected to explore how historical,cultural,and political systems and architectural forms interact with each other.The research shows that:the formation process of Chinatown in San Francisco and the scope of the block are deeply influenced by the world political pattern in the early 20th century,the multi-party regulations of China and the United States,and the relationship between China and the United States,the architectural style of the block is influenced by Eastern and Western cultures.The architecture is deeply influenced by the architectural style of southern Fujian,and the new buildings are mainly in the modernist architectural style.Among the main factors affecting the evolution of Chinatown in San Francisco,gold rush,e arthquakes,traditional Chinese architectural styles,a nd immigration policies to China a re t he internal mechanisms for t he formation of Chinatown's spatial characteristics.