浙闽地域丈杆法异同考——兼论弱行政区划下传统营造的谱系研究

The Similarity and Difference Research of Zhang Gan-Measuring Method in Zhejiang and Fujian Regions:Genealogy of Traditional Constructions Under the Weak Administrative Divisions

旧时传统建筑营造,最重要的指导原则即为大木匠师主导下的丈杆系统。丈杆系统作为营造技艺的核心,几乎涵盖了建筑构架中所有竖向构件的高度、尺寸、榫卯关系以及屋水划分等信息;同时作为丈量工具,在营造过程中,丈杆又用于统一核对所有工匠制作构件的尺寸。该文关注了浙闽不同地域丈杆法的基本内容,以期明晰不同匠派工匠构架设计方法以及营建观念的异同,为进一步廓清乡土建筑营造技艺区域关联特征、传播线路、传播方式等提供本体可靠依据,丰富对区域乡土建筑营造意匠的整体认识,助益区域乡土建筑匠派谱系的划分。

In the past,the Zhang Gan-system,led by the master carpenter,was the most important guiding principle when constructing traditional buildings.This system encompassed all vertical components of the building structure,such as height,size,mortise and tenon relationship,and raising the purlin division.Additionally,as a measuring instrument,the Zhang Gan can be also used for measuring sizes of components made by various craftsmen,ensuring accuracy and precision.We mainly focus on the basic contents of Zhang Gan-measuring method in different regions of Zhejiang and Fujian and expect to clarify the similarity and difference of structural design method and construction concepts between different schools of craftsmen,trying to provide a reliable ontological basis for further demonstrate regional correlation characteristics,dissemination channels and means of local architectural construction crafts,to develop an overall understanding of regional local architectural construction craftsman,and to classify the genealogy division of regional local architectural construction craftsman schools.