赤泥在建筑材料和复合高分子材料中的利用研究进展

Research Progress of Utilization of Red Mud in Building Materials and Geopolymer Composites

赤泥是一种综合利用率较低的工业固体废弃物,其规模化、全组分、安全利用对电解铝行业的绿色发展至关重要。通过制备建材等材料制品是实现赤泥等工业固体废弃物大宗利用的关键途径。充分利用赤泥的高碱性,将赤泥与硅铝质和硫酸盐类工业固废协同使用,可制备出性能优异的水泥或地质聚合物等胶凝材料。同时利用碱性赤泥和其他工业固废的协同作用,制备出的建筑砌块和道路水稳层材料固废使用量可超过90%。利用赤泥制备陶瓷或陶粒类烧结材料是绿色、低碳、高值、大宗利用赤泥的一条有效途径。而将赤泥用作复合高分子材料的填料可以实现赤泥的高附加值利用。近年来,研究学者关于赤泥制备胶凝材料、建筑砌块、道路水稳层材料、陶粒和复合高分子材料进行了系统研究,部分成果已经实现产业化推广。本文主要介绍了赤泥制备建材制品和复合高分子材料的最新进展,并从基础理论研究、应用技术开发、政策法规引导等方面针对赤泥基材料制品的产业化推广和赤泥综合利用率的提升提出了相应建议。

Red mud is a kind of industrial solid waste with low comprehensive utilization rate,and its large-scale,complete and safe utilization is very important for the green development of the electrolytic aluminum industry.The preparation of building materials products is the major way to realize the large-scale utilization of industrial solid wastes.Cementitious materials with excellent properties such as cement or geopolymer can be prepared by taking full advantage of the high alkalinity of red mud.The total content of the solid wastes in building blocks and road base materials prepared by red mud could exceed 90%due to the synergistic effect between various raw materials.At the same time,the production of ceramic or ceramisite is a green,low carbon,high value and efficient way to consume red mud.Using red mud as filler of composite polymer materials can also realize the high value-added utilization of red mud.In recent years,researchers have carried out systematic research on the recycling and utilization of red mud to prepare cementitious materials,building blocks,road base materials,ceramisites and composite polymer materials,and some of the results have been popularized in industrialization.This paper mainly introduces the latest progress of the utilization of red mud in preparation of building materials and composite polymer materials,and puts forward suggestions on the improvement of the comprehensive utilization rate of red mud from the aspects of basic theoretical research,application technology development and the national policy guidance.