两面神胶束的构筑及应用

Fabrications and Applications of Janus Micelles

近几年,具有不对称结构(即各向异性)的胶体颗粒的构筑及自组装行为越来越引起人们的研究兴趣。两面神颗粒(Janus particles,JPs)是指两侧具有不同物理或化学等性质的颗粒,故它是一种典型的各向异性的胶体粒子。JPs在物理、化学和生物科学等诸多领域表现出巨大的应用潜力,其相关研究受到人们广泛的关注。两面神胶束(Janus micelles,JMs)是一种通过嵌段共聚物自组装所构筑的“软的”JPs,其冠的两个半球分别由两种组分形成。目前,研究人员已经分别通过嵌段共聚物的本体和溶液自组装构筑了JMs。由于本体自组装构筑JMs所能用的嵌段共聚物种类非常有限,同时构筑过程繁琐且耗时,无法大规模应用,故嵌段共聚物溶液自组装是构筑JMs最主要的方式。但是,共聚物在溶液中自组装形成JMs绝非易事,因此目前构筑JMs依旧面临一定困难。本文综述了JMs领域近10多年的研究进展,重点归纳和总结了基于三嵌段、二嵌段、星型嵌段共聚物自组装构筑JMs的方法与形成机理,介绍了JMs的应用现状及构筑JMs的最新手段和方法,最后探讨了JMs领域存在的问题和挑战,并对JMs未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Recently,the fabrications and self-assembly behavior of colloidal particles with asymmetric,namely anisotropic structure,have gained great attraction.Janus particles(JPs)represent a kind of typical anisotropic colloidal particles,which exhibit different physical or chemical properties on both sides.Meanwhile,JPs show great application potential in many fields such as physics,chemistry and biological science,and the related research has attracted extensive attention.Janus micelles(JMs)are a kind of‘soft’JPs fabricated by the self-assembly of block copolymer,and each hemisphere of JMs’corona is formed by one component.At present,JMs have been constructed by researchers from bulk and solution self-assembly of block copolymers.As the limited types of block copolymers,cumbersome and time-consuming process when constructing JMs by bulk self-assembly,block copolymer solution self-assembly becomes the main way.Considering the difficulty of the process with self-assembly of copolymers in solution,the fabrication of JMs is still of great challenge.This review summarizes the methods and fabrication mechanism of JMs with the self-assembly of triblock,diblock and star block copolymers during the last decade,followed by the introduction of the applications of JMs and the latest approaches for fabricating JMs.Finally,the problems and challenges are discussed to looking forward to the future development trend in the field of JMS.