浙西南典型森林群落物种多样性与碳汇能力的研究

Biodiversity and Carbon Sequestration of Typical Forest Types in Qingyuan County

以浙西南庆元县典型森林群落植被——松木林、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林、阔叶林、针阔混交林和竹林(毛竹Phyllostachys edulis)为研究对象,2020年4—8月,通过对固定样地(137个公益林固定监测小班)的调查,分析和比较不同森林群落植被的物种多样性,并估算其碳储量。结果表明,5种森林群落的物种丰富度(R)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)均呈显著差异(P<0.05),物种丰富度表现为阔叶林>针阔混交林>杉木林>松木林>竹林;以自然恢复为主的次生阔叶林和针阔混交林物种多样性、空间结构、系统碳汇能力较强,其平均碳储量分别为384.94 t·hm^(-2)和359.99 t·hm^(-2);杉木林的群落结构物种多样性相对较低但系统碳汇能力较强,其平均碳储量为363.20 t·hm^(-2);松木林的群落结构物种多样性相对较低、碳汇能力稍弱,其平均碳储量为343.26 t·hm^(-2);人为干扰较大的竹林结构最简单、物种多样性最低、碳汇能力也最弱,其平均碳储量为235.17 t·hm^(-2)。物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与植被碳储量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与森林土壤碳储量无相关关系(P>0.05);物种丰富度及多样性主要通过不同森林植被类型的枯枝落叶的质和量以及根系作用的差异间接影响着森林土壤碳汇能力。

Background investigations were conducted on 137 permanent sub compartments in typical forest communities like pine forest,Cunninghamia lanceolata forest,broad-leaf forest,mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaf,Phyllostachys edulis stand in Qingyuan county,southwest Zhejiang province.Soil was sampled out of subcompartments,and thickness of soil,of humus and litter was recorded.The results showed that the species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of the five forest communities were significantly different(P<0.05).Species richness was ordered by broad-leaf forest>mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaf>mixed forest>C.lanceolata forest>pine forest>bamboo stand.Broad-leaf forest and coniferous and broad-leaf mixed forest had the average carbon storage of 384.94 and 359.99 t/ha.The community structure and species diversity of C.lanceolata forest were relatively lower,but the average carbon storage was 363.20 t/ha.The community structure of pine forest was relatively lower in species diversity with mean carbon storage of 343.26 t/ha.Bamboo forest with high human disturbance had the simplest structure,the lowest species diversity with mean carbon storage of 235.17 t/ha.